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In recent research on non-monotonic logic programming, repeatedly strong equivalence of logic programs P and Q has been considered, which holds if the programs P union R and Q union R have the same answer sets for any other program R. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Thomas Eiter , Michael Fink , Stefan Woltran

Answer set programming is a prominent declarative programming paradigm used in formulating combinatorial search problems and implementing different knowledge representation formalisms. Frequently, several related and yet substantially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Yuliya Lierler

Strong equivalence between knowledge bases ensures the possibility of replacing one with the other without affecting reasoning outcomes, in any given context. This makes it a crucial property in nonmonotonic formalisms. In particular, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Giovanni Buraglio , Wolfgang Dvorak , Stefan Woltran

We investigate the concept of strong equivalence within the extended framework of Answer Set Programming with constraints. Two groups of rules are considered strongly equivalent if, informally speaking, they have the same meaning in any…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Pedro Cabalar , Jorge Fandinno , Torsten Schaub , Philipp Wanko

Different notions of equivalence, such as the prominent notions of strong and uniform equivalence, have been studied in Answer-Set Programming, mainly for the purpose of identifying programs that can serve as substitutes without altering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-06-16 Michael Fink

In the theory of answer set programming, two groups of rules are called strongly equivalent if, informally speaking, they have the same meaning in any context. The relationship between strong equivalence and the propositional logic of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Vladimir Lifschitz

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a prominent rule-based language for knowledge representation and reasoning with roots in logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning. The aim to capture the essence of removing (ir)relevant details in ASP…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Zeynep G. Saribatur , Stefan Woltran

Logic programs P and Q are strongly equivalent if, given any program R, programs P union R and Q union R are equivalent (that is, have the same answer sets). Strong equivalence is convenient for the study of equivalent transformations of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hudson Turner

Epistemic Logic Programs (ELPs), that is, Answer Set Programming (ASP) extended with epistemic operators, have received renewed interest in recent years, which led to a flurry of new research, as well as efficient solvers. An important…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Wolfgang Faber , Michael Morak , Stefan Woltran

In this work we present additional results related to the property of strong equivalence of logic programs. This property asserts that two programs share the same set of stable models, even under the addition of new rules. As shown in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Pedro Cabalar

In this paper, we present two alternative approaches to defining answer sets for logic programs with arbitrary types of abstract constraint atoms (c-atoms). These approaches generalize the fixpoint-based and the level mapping based answer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-12 E. Pontelli , T. C. Son , P. H. Tu

By incorporating the methods of Answer Set Programming (ASP) and Markov Logic Networks (MLN), LPMLN becomes a powerful tool for non-monotonic, inconsistent and uncertain knowledge representation and reasoning. To facilitate the applications…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Bin Wang , Jun Shen , Shutao Zhang , Zhizheng Zhang

Strong equivalence is a well-studied and important concept in answer set programming (ASP). $\rm LP^{MLN}$ is a probabilistic extension of answer set programs with the weight scheme adapted from Markov Logic. Because of the semantic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Man Luo

In answer set programming, two groups of rules are considered strongly equivalent if they have the same meaning in any context. In some cases, strong equivalence of programs in the input language of the grounder gringo can be established by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Vladimir Lifschitz

Rules in logic programming encode information about mutual interdependencies between literals that is not captured by any of the commonly used semantics. This information becomes essential as soon as a program needs to be modified or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-03-02 Martin Slota , João Leite

In the field of Answer Set Programming (ASP), two logic programs are strongly equivalent if they are ordinarily equivalent under any extensions. This property provides a theoretical foundation for studying many aspects of logic programs…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Zhizheng Zhang , Shutao Zhang , Yanghe Feng , Bin Wang

Epistemic Logic Programs (ELPs) extend Answer Set Programming (ASP) with epistemic negation and have received renewed interest in recent years. This led to the development of new research and efficient solving systems for ELPs. In practice,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Wolfgang Faber , Michael Morak , Stefan Woltran

In answer set programming (ASP), a problem at hand is solved by (i) writing a logic program whose answer sets correspond to the solutions of the problem, and by (ii) computing the answer sets of the program using an answer set solver as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Tomi Janhunen , Emilia Oikarinen

A recent framework of relativized hyperequivalence of programs offers a unifying generalization of strong and uniform equivalence. It seems to be especially well suited for applications in program optimization and modular programming due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-07-24 Miroslaw Truszczyński , Stefan Woltran

In recent years, Answer Set Programming (ASP), logic programming under the stable model or answer set semantics, has seen several extensions by generalizing the notion of an atom in these programs: be it aggregate atoms, HEX atoms,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-12-23 Mario Alviano , Wolfgang Faber
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