Related papers: On highly transcendental quantities which cannot b…
Euler proves that the sum of two 4th powers can't be a 4th power and that the difference of two distinct non-zero 4th powers can't be a 4th power and Fermat's theorem that the equation x(x+1)/2=y^4 can only be solved in integers if x=1 and…
``In this paper we give the history of Leonhard Euler's work on the pentagonal number theorem, and his applications of the pentagonal number theorem to the divisor function, partition function and divergent series. We have attempted to give…
E158 in the Enestrom index. Translation of the Latin original "Observationes analyticae variae de combinationibus" (1741). This paper introduces the problem of partitions, or partitio numerorum (the partition of integers). In the first part…
Euler states without proof statements about the form of prime divisors of numbers of the form aa+Nbb. See Ed Sandifer's How Euler Did It, ``Factors of Forms'', December 2005 at http://www.maa.org/news/howeulerdidit.html for a summary of the…
Euler gives an asymptotic approximation for the function f(x) and recognizes that he is trying to interpolate the factorial function introduced in E19 "De progressionibus transcendentibus seu quarum termini generales algebraice dari…
E661 in the Enestrom index. This was originally published as "Variae considerationes circa series hypergeometricas" (1776). In this paper Euler is looking at the asymptotic behavior of infinite products that are similar to the Gamma…
In this paper we investigate the properties of the Euler functions. By using the Fourier transform for the Euler function, we derive the interesting formula related to the infinite series. Finally we give some interesting identities between…
Translation from the Latin of Euler's "Demonstratio theorematis circa ordinem in summis divisorum observatum" (1760). E244 in the Enestroem index. In his previous paper E243, Euler stated the pentagonal number theorem and assuming it proved…
In this note we will present how Euler's investigations on various different subjects lead to certain properties of the Legendre polynomials. More precisely, we will show that the generating function and the difference equation for the…
In this paper Euler considers the properties of the pentagonal numbers, those numbers of the form $\frac{3n^2 \pm n}{2}$. He recalls that the infinite product $(1-x)(1-x^2)(1-x^3)...$ expands into an infinite series with exponents the…
E26 in the Enestrom index. Translated from the Latin original, "Observationes de theoremate quodam Fermatiano aliisque ad numeros primos spectantibus" (1732). In this paper Euler gives a counterexample to Fermat's claim that all numbers of…
Translation of "Methodus succincta summas serierum infinitarum per formulas differentiales investigandi" (1780). Euler wants to represent some given series of functions S(x)=X(x)+X(x+1)+X(x+2)+etc. in a different way. He writes S as a…
The aim of this paper is to try to establish a generic model for the problem that several multivariable number-theoretic functions represent simultaneously primes for infinitely many integral points. More concretely, we introduced briefly…
Transcendental functions, such as exponentials and logarithms, appear in a broad array of computational domains: from simulations in curvilinear coordinates, to interpolation, to machine learning. Unfortunately they are typically expensive…
Translation from the Latin of Euler's "Observatio de summis divisorum" (1752). E243 in the Enestroem index. The pentagonal number theorem is that $\prod_{n=1}^\infty (1-x^n)=\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty (-1)^n x^{n(3n-1)/2}$. This paper assumes…
We introduce a natural definition for sums of the form \[ \sum_{\nu=1}^x f(\nu) \] when the number of terms x is a rather arbitrary real or even complex number. The resulting theory includes the known interpolation of the factorial by the…
Translation from the Latin original, "Inventio summae cuiusque seriei ex dato termino generali" (1735). E47 in the Enestrom index. In this paper Euler derives the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula, by expressing y(x-1) with the Taylor…
We study rather general multiple zeta-functions whose denominators are given by polynomials. The main aim is to prove explicit formulas for the values of those multiple zeta-functions at non-positive integer points. We first treat the case…
Euler defines a function f(x) somehow as an infinite product and a generalization of [x], where [x] ist, what we now call following Legendre the Gamma-Funktion. He gets some recursive relationships for f(x), by applying some very nice…
Translated from the Latin original, "De numeris amicabilibus" (1747). E100 in the Enestroem index. Euler starts by saying that with the success of mathematical analysis, number theory has been neglected. He argues that number theory is…