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Swimming of a sphere in a viscous incompressible fluid is studied on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations for wave-type distortions of the spherical shape. At sizable values of the dimensionless scale number the mean swimming velocity…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-02-20 B. U. Felderhof , R. B. Jones

Microorganisms are rarely found in Nature swimming freely in an unbounded fluid. Instead, they typically encounter other organisms, hard walls, or deformable boundaries such as free interfaces or membranes. Hydrodynamic interactions between…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-10-21 Marcelo A. Dias , Thomas R. Powers

The swimming of a sphere immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid with inertia is studied for surface modulations of small amplitude on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations. The mean swimming velocity and the mean rate of dissipation…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-12-20 B. U. Felderhof , R. B. Jones

Motile microorganisms develop effective swimming gaits to adapt to complex biological environments. Translating this adaptability to smart microrobots presents significant challenges in motion planning and stroke design. In this work, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuyang Lai , Sina Heydari , On Shun Pak , Yi Man

We consider a swimmer consisting of a collinear assembly of three spheres connected by two slender rods. This swimmer can propel itself forward by varying the lengths of the rods in a way that is not invariant under time reversal. Although…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-07-09 Babak Nasouri , Andrej Vilfan , Ramin Golestanian

Undulatory slender objects have been a central theme in the hydrodynamics of swimming at low Reynolds number, where the slender body is usually assumed to be inextensible, although some microorganisms and artificial microrobots largely…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-10 Kenta Ishimoto , Johann Herault , Clément Moreau

In this paper we study a mathematical model of one-dimensional swimmers performing a planar motion while fully immersed in a viscous fluid. The swimmers are assumed to be of small size, and all inertial effects are neglected. Hydrodynamic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-04-25 Gianni Dal Maso , Antonio DeSimone , Marco Morandotti

The current study presents a systematic investigation of the locomotion performance of a swimmer with a wide range of parameter settings. Two-dimensional simulations with the immersed boundary method are employed for the fluid-structure…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-12-21 Wenkang Wang , Xu Chu

In this paper, we give formulas for the swimming of simplified two-dimensional bodies in complex fluids using the reciprocal theorem. By way of these formulas we calculate the swimming velocity due to small-amplitude deformations on the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-04-28 Gwynn J. Elfring , Gaurav Goyal

Bacteria can exploit mechanics to display remarkable plasticity in response to locally changing physical and chemical conditions. Compliant structures play a striking role in their taxis behavior, specifically for navigation inside complex…

In the study of microscopic flows, self-propulsion has been particularly topical in recent years, with the rise of miniature artificial swimmers as a new tool for flow control, low Reynolds number mixing, micromanipulation or even drug…

The possibility of microscopic swimming by extraction of energy from an external flow is discussed, focusing on the migration of a simple trimer across a linear shear flow. The geometric properties of swimming, together with the possible…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-18 Piero Olla

An approximation to the added mass matrix of an assembly of spheres is constructed on the basis of potential flow theory for situations where one sphere is much larger than the others. In the approximation the flow potential near a small…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-03-08 B. U. Felderhof

A model of an autonomous three-sphere microswimmer is proposed by implementing a coupling effect between the two natural lengths of an elastic microswimmer. Such a coupling mechanism is motivated by the previous models for synchronization…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-05-26 Katsutomo Era , Yuki Koyano , Yuto Hosaka , Kento Yasuda , Hiroyuki Kitahata , Shigeyuki Komura

We study the local controllability properties of 2D and 3D bio-mimetic swimmers employing the change of their geometric shape to propel themselves in an incompressible fluid described by Navier-Stokes equations. It is assumed that swimmers'…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-05-09 Piermarco Cannarsa , Alexandre Khapalov

In the limit of zero Reynolds number (Re), swimmers propel themselves exploiting a series of non-reciprocal body motions. For an artificial swimmer, a proper selection of the power source is required to drive its motion, in cooperation with…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-08 Endao Han , Lailai Zhu , Joshua W. Shaevitz , Howard A. Stone

Explicit expressions are derived for the matrices determining the mean translational and rotational swimming velocities and the mean rate of dissipation for Stokesian swimming at low Reynolds number of a distorting sphere in a viscous…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-02-04 B. U. Felderhof , R. B. Jones

Unlike macroscopic swimmers, microswimmers operate in a low-Reynolds-number regime dominated by viscous forces. This paper investigates the controllability of a magnetic microswimmer composed of a spherical magnetic head and an elastic,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Lucas Palazzolo , Mickaël Binois , Laëtitia Giraldi

We analyze a minimal model for a rigid spherical microswimmer and explore the consequences of its extended surface on the interplay between its self-propulsion and flow properties. The model is the first order representation of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-12-06 Tapan Chandra Adhyapak , Sara Jabbari-Farouji

We design and simulate the motion of a new swimmer, the {\it Quadroar}, with three dimensional translation and reorientation capabilities in low Reynolds number conditions. The Quadroar is composed of an $\texttt{I}$-shaped frame whose body…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-22 Mir Abbas Jalali , Mohammad-Reza Alam , SeyyedHossein Mousavi