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We report the implementation of Grover's quantum search algorithm in the scalable system of trapped atomic ion quantum bits. Any one of four possible states of a two-qubit memory is marked, and following a single query of the search space,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 K. -A. Brickman , P. C. Haljan , P. J. Lee , M. Acton , L. Deslauriers , C. Monroe

Grover's database search algorithm, although discovered in the context of quantum computation, can be implemented using any physical system that allows superposition of states. A physical realization of this algorithm is described using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Apoorva D. Patel

We present a quantum algorithmic routine that extends the realm of Grover-based heuristics for tackling combinatorial optimization problems with arbitrary efficiently computable objective and constraint functions. Building on previously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Sören Wilkening

In classical computation, a problem can be solved in multiple steps where calculated results of each step can be copied and used repeatedly. While in quantum computation, it is difficult to realize a similar multi-step computation process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 Hefeng Wang , Sixia Yu , Hua Xiang

This paper presented two general quantum search algorithms. We derived the iterated formulas and the simpler approximate formulas and the precise formula for the amplitude in the desired state. A mathematical proof of Grover's algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Dafa Li , Xinxin Li

Grover discovered a quantum algorithm for identifying a target element in an unstructured search universe of N items in approximately square-root of N queries to a quantum oracle, thus achieving a square-root speed-up over classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Erdal Arikan

For quantum computation, we investigate the conjecture that the superposition of macroscopically distinct states is necessary for a large quantum speedup. Although this conjecture was supported for a circuit-based quantum computer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-10 Akira Shimizu , Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Akihisa Ukena

Quantum query complexity is typically characterized in terms of XOR queries |x,y> to |x,y+f(x)> or phase queries, which ensure that even queries to non-invertible functions are unitary. When querying a permutation, another natural model is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Blake Holman , Ronak Ramachandran , Justin Yirka

Grover's search algorithm was a groundbreaking advancement in quantum algorithms, displaying a quadratic speed-up of querying for items. Since the creation of this algorithm it has been utilized in various ways, including in preparing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Andrew Vlasic , Salvatore Certo , Anh Pham

We analyze the role played by entanglement in the dynamical evolution of Grover's search algorithm in the space of qubits. We show that the algorithm can be equivalently described as an iterative change of the entanglement between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-11 Pranaw Rungta

Quantum computational approaches to some classic target identification and localization algorithms, especially for radar images, are investigated, and are found to raise a number of quantum statistics and quantum measurement issues with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Peter B. Weichman

Quantum computers can execute algorithms that sometimes dramatically outperform classical computation. Undoubtedly the best-known example of this is Shor's discovery of an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring integers, whereas the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Wim van Dam , Yoshitaka Sasaki

An important and usual problem is to search all states we want from a database with a large number of states. In such, recall is vital. Grover's original quantum search algorithm has been generalized to the case of multiple solutions, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Bin Shang

Searching a database is a central task in computer science and is paradigmatic of transport and optimization problems in physics. For an unstructured search, Grover's algorithm predicts a quadratic speedup, with the search time…

We provide a tight analysis of Grover's recent algorithm for quantum database searching. We give a simple closed-form formula for the probability of success after any given number of iterations of the algorithm. This allows us to determine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Michel Boyer , Gilles Brassard , Peter Hoeyer , Alain Tapp

Given two sets A and B and two oracles O(A) and O(B) that can identify the elements of these sets respectively, the goal is to find an element common to both sets using minimum number of oracle queries. Each application of either O(A) or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-18 Avatar Tulsi

We generalize Grover algorithm with two arbitrary phases in a density matrix set up. We give exact analytic expressions for the success probability after arbitrary number of iteration of the generalized Grover operator as a function of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Saptarshi Roy Chowdhury , Swarupananda Pradhan

A quantum algorithm is a set of instructions for a quantum computer, however, unlike algorithms in classical computer science their results cannot be guaranteed. Quantum search algorithm can be described as the rotation of state vectors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-30 Bikramaditya Das , Kamal Gurnani , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

The improved quantum scheduling algorithm proposed by Grover has been generalized using the generalized quantum search algorithm, in which a unitary operator replaces the Walsh-Hadamard transform, and $\pi/2$ phase rotations replace the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jingfu Zhang , Zhiheng Lu , Zhiwei Deng , Hui Wang

Quantum Search Algorithm made a big impact by being able to solve the search problem for a set with $N$ elements using only $O(\sqrt{N})$ steps. Unfortunately, it is impossible to reduce the order of the complexity of this problem, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-25 Umut Çalıkyılmaz , Sadi Turgut