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There are major advantages in a newer version of Grover's quantum algorithm utilizing a general unitary transformation in the search of a single object in a large unsorted database. In this paper, we generalize this algorithm to multiobject…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Goong Chen , Shunhua Sun

A general quantum search algorithm with arbitrary unitary transformations and an arbitrary initial state is considered in this work. To serach a marked state with certainty, we have derived, using an SU(2) representation: (1) the matching…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jin-Yuan Hsieh , Che-Ming Li

Grover's search algorithm is one of the first quantum algorithms to exhibit a provable quantum advantage. It forms the backbone of numerous quantum applications and is widely used in benchmarking efforts. Here, we report…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-10 Bibek Pokharel , Daniel Lidar

This paper presents an enhancement to Grover's search algorithm for instances where the number of items (or the size of the search problem) $N$ is not a power of 2. By employing an efficient algorithm for the preparation of uniform quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

We study some extensions of Grover's quantum searching algorithm. First, we generalize the Grover iteration in the light of a concept called amplitude amplification. Then, we show that the quadratic speedup obtained by the quantum searching…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-03 Gilles Brassard , Peter Hoyer , Alain Tapp

We present a continuous time quantum search algorithm analogous to Grover's. In particular, the optimal search time for this algorithm is proportional to $\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the database size. This search algorithm can be implemented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Romanelli , A. Auyuanet , R. Donangelo

We assess the potential of quantum computing to accelerate computation of central tasks in genomics, focusing on often-neglected theoretical limitations. We discuss state-of-the-art challenges of quantum search, optimization, and machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Aurora Maurizio , Guglielmo Mazzola

L. K. Grover's search algorithm in quantum computing gives an optimal, quadratic speedup in the search for a single object in a large unsorted database. In this paper, we generalize Grover's algorithm in a Hilbert-space framework for both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Goong Chen , Stephen A. Fulling , Jeesen Chen

Searching large databases is an important problem with broad applications. The Grover search algorithm provides a powerful method for quantum computers to perform searches with a quadratic speedup in the number of required database queries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-05 C. Figgatt , D. Maslov , K. A. Landsman , N. M. Linke , S. Debnath , C. Monroe

Grover's algorithm for quantum searching is generalized to deal with arbitrary initial complex amplitude distributions. First order linear difference equations are found for the time evolution of the amplitudes of the marked and unmarked…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Eli Biham , Ofer Biham , David Biron , Markus Grassl , Daniel A. Lidar

We describe an implementation of Grover's fixed-point quantum search algorithm on a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer, searching for either one or two matching items in an unsorted database of four items. In this new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Li Xiao , Jonathan A. Jones

Generic quantum search algorithm searches for target entity in an unsorted database by repeatedly applying canonical Grover's quantum rotation transform to reach near the vicinity of the target entity. Thus, upon measurement, there is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-15 Ashish Mani , C. Patvardhan

Recent studies have been spurred on by the promise of advanced quantum computing technology, which has led to the development of quantum computer simulations on classical hardware. Grover's quantum search algorithm is one of the well-known…

Grover's quantum algorithm can find a marked item from an unstructured database faster than any classical algorithm, and hence it has been used for several applications such as cryptanalysis and optimization. When there exist multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Kota Tani , Shunji Tsuchiya , Seiichiro Tani , Yuki Takeuchi

With reference to a search in a database of size N, Grover states: "What is the reason that one would expect that a quantum mechanical scheme could accomplish the search in O(square root of N) steps? It would be insightful to have a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Giuseppe Castagnoli

Shor's and Grover's famous quantum algorithms for factoring and searching show that quantum computers can solve certain computational problems significantly faster than any classical computer. We discuss here what quantum computers_cannot_…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-02 Peter Hoyer , Robert Spalek

The standard quantum search algorithm lacks a feature, enjoyed by many classical algorithms, of having a fixed-point, i.e. a monotonic convergence towards the solution. Here we present two variations of the quantum search algorithm, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lov K. Grover , Apoorva Patel , Tathagat Tulsi

The search for "a quantum needle in a quantum haystack" is a metaphor for the problem of finding out which one of a permissible set of unitary mappings---the oracles---is implemented by a given black box. Grover's algorithm solves this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-19 Arun Sehrawat , Le Huy Nguyen , Berthold-Georg Englert

Consider the unstructured search of an unknown number l of items in a large unsorted database of size N. The multi-object quantum search algorithm consists of two parts. The first part of the algorithm is to generalize Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Goong Chen , Zijian Diao

Quantum computing promises the ability to compute properties of quantum systems exponentially faster than classical computers. Quantum advantage is achieved when a practical problem is solved more efficiently on a quantum computer than on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 William A. Simon , Peter J. Love