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In this book we collect many different and useful facts around gradient descent method. First of all we consider gradient descent with inexact oracle. We build a general model of optimized function that include composite optimization…

We examine the reduction process of a system of second-order ordinary differential equations which is invariant under a Lie group action. With the aid of connection theory, we explain why the associated vector field decomposes in three…

The present paper is the continuation of the paper "Nonlinear field theory I". In the paper it is shown that a fully correspondence between the quantum and the nonlinear electromagnetic forms of the Dirac electron theory exists, so that…

Dimensional reduction and effective field theory methods are applied to the Two Higgs Doublet Model at finite temperature. A sequence of two effective three-dimensional field theories which are valid on successively longer distance scales…

We sketch the construction of a derived enhancement of the reciprocity isomorphism of class field theory. Details will appear in a forthcoming joint paper of the authors with A. Raksit.

The aim of this work is to lay the foundations of differential geometry and Lie theory over the general class of topological base fields and -rings for which a differential calculus has been developed in recent work (collaboration with H.…

We present some new methods for logical deduction, based on ideas from ground theory. Roughly speaking, in our calculi a typical deduction will proceed as follows: we first analyse the premiss down to its ultimate grounds; then we discard…

This is an overview of higher structural constructions in physics. The main motivations of our current attempt are as follows: (i) to provide a brief introduction to derived algebraic geometry, (ii) to understand how derived objects…

A dynamical system is defined in terms of the gradient of a payoff function. Dynamical variables are of two types, ascent and descent. The ascent variables move in the direction of the gradient, while the descent variables move in the…

There are significant differences between Helmholtz and Hodge's decomposition theorems, but both share a common flavor. This paper is a first step to bring them together. We here produce Helmholtz theorems for differential 1-forms and…

Descent theory (a modern formulation of Fermat's classical method of infinite descent) is a powerful tool in arithmetic geometry. In this article, we reinterpret descent theory through the lens of quotient stacks and apply it in the setting…

Let C be an algebraically closed field and X a projective curve over C. Consider an ordinary linear differential equation, or a linear differ- ence equation, with coefficients in the field of rational functions of X, and assume that its…

We discuss the use of field theory for the exact determination of universal properties in two-dimensional statistical mechanics. After a compact derivation of critical exponents of main universality classes, we turn to the off-critical…

We use Galois descent to construct central extensions of twisted forms of split simple Lie algebras over rings. These types of algebras arise naturally in the construction of Extended Affine Lie Algebras. The construction also gives…

We develop differential calculus and gauge theory on a finite set G. An elegant formulation is obtained when G is supplied with a group structure and in particular for a cyclic group. Connes' two-point model (which is an essential…

We define vector fields, leaves and trajectories for schemes. With these tools, we are able to give a geometrical interpretation and to generalize several results of differential Galois theory and constructions on differential schemes. We…

We start with a brief survey on the Northcott property for subfields of the algebraic numbers $\Qbar$. Then we introduce a new criterion for its validity (refining the author's previous criterion), addressing a problem of Bombieri. We show…

This paper develops the basic theory of formal schemes over fields in the supersymmetric setting. We introduce the notion of a formal superscheme and investigate some of its fundamental properties. Particular emphasis is placed on the study…

We prove descent theorems for semiorthogonal decompositions using techniques from derived algebraic geometry. Our methods allow us to capture more general filtrations of derived categories and even marked filtrations, where one descends not…

This paper sheds new light on several interrelated topics of second-order variational analysis, both in finite and infinite-dimensional settings. We establish new relationships between second-order growth conditions on functions, the basic…