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This paper introduces a new formalism for quantum cellular automata (QCAs), based on evolving tensor products of qubits using local unitary operators. It subsequently uses this formalism to analyze and validate several conjectures, stemming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-03 Ruhi Shah , Jonathan Gorard

A quantum cellular automaton (QCA) or a causal unitary is by definition an automorphism of local operator algebra, by which local operators are mapped to local operators. Quantum circuits of small depth, local Hamiltonian evolutions for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Jeongwan Haah

Unitarity of the global evolution is an extremely stringent condition on finite state models in discrete spacetime. Quantum cellular automata, in particular, are tightly constrained. In previous work we proved a simple No-go Theorem which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 David A. Meyer

We present a general framework for constructing quantum cellular automata (QCA) from topological quantum field theories (TQFT) and invertible subalgebras (ISA) using the cup-product formalism. This approach explicitly realizes all…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Meng Sun , Bowen Yang , Zongyuan Wang , Nathanan Tantivasadakarn , Yu-An Chen

We show that quantum cellular automata naturally form the degree-zero part of a coarse homology theory. The recent result of Ji and Yang that the space of QCA forms an Omega-spectrum in the sense of algebraic topology is a direct…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Matthias Ludewig

In this paper the notion of quantum finite one-counter automata (QF1CA) is introduced. Introduction of the notion is similar to that of the 2-way quantum finite state automata by A.Kondacs and J.Watrous. The well-formedness conditions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Maksim Kravtsev

Number-conserving cellular automata (NCCA) are particularly interesting, both because of their natural appearance as models of real systems, and because of the strong restrictions that number-conservation implies. Here we extend the…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-05-23 Andres Moreira

There exists an index theory to classify strictly local quantum cellular automata in one dimension. We consider two classification questions. First, we study to what extent this index theory can be applied in higher dimensions via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 M. Freedman , M. B. Hastings

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) are discrete models of space and time homogeneous quantum field theories (QFTs) and regarded as natural candidates for quantum simulation. Description of a QCA over the separable Hilbert space of finite,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Asif Shakeel

There exists algorithms to detect reversibility of cellular automaton (CA) for both finite and infinite lattices taking quadratic time. But, can we identify a $d$-state CA rule in constant time that is always reversible for every lattice…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Baby C. J. , Kamalika Bhattacharjee

We consider Clifford Quantum Cellular Automata (CQCAs) and their time evolution. CQCAs are an especially simple type of Quantum Cellular Automata, yet they show complex asymptotics and can even be a basic ingredient for universal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-01 Johannes Gütschow , Sonja Uphoff , Reinhard F. Werner , Zoltán Zimborás

We investigate realizations of (1+1)-dimensional fusion category symmetries on tensor-product Hilbert spaces, allowing for mixing with quantum cellular automata (QCAs). It was argued recently that any such realizable symmetry must be weakly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-15 Rui Wen , Kansei Inamura , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

The density classification (DC) task, a computation which maps global density information to local density, is studied using one-dimensional non-unitary quantum cellular automata (QCAs). Two approaches are considered: one that preserves the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Elisabeth Wagner , Federico Dell'Anna , Ramil Nigmatullin , Gavin K. Brennen

We consider a graph with a single quantum system at each node. The entire compound system evolves in discrete time steps by iterating a global evolution $U$. We require that this global evolution $U$ be unitary, in accordance with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-29 Pablo Arrighi , Vincent Nesme , Reinhard Werner

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the most important computing technologies for the future and will be the alternative candidate for current CMOS technology. QCA is attracting a lot of researchers due to many features such as…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Esam Alkaldy , Ali H. Majeed , Mohd Shamian Zainal , Danial Md. Nor

We summarize a recent study of discrete (integer-valued) Hamiltonian cellular automata (CA) showing that their dynamics can only be consistently defined, if it is linear in the same sense as unitary evolution described by the Schr\"odinger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-13 Hans-Thomas Elze

We consider quantum systems with causal dynamics in discrete spacetimes, also known as quantum cellular automata (QCA). Due to time-discreteness this type of dynamics is not characterized by a Hamiltonian but by a one-time-step unitary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-30 Zoltán Zimborás , Terry Farrelly , Szilárd Farkas , Lluis Masanes

In this paper we present a quantization of Cellular Automata. Our formalism is based on a lattice of qudits, and an update rule consisting of local unitary operators that commute with their own lattice translations. One purpose of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-17 Carlos A. Perez-Delgado , Donny Cheung

After the first treatments of quantum finite state automata by Moore and Crutchfield and by Kondacs and Watrous, a number of papers study the power of quantum finite state automata and their variants. This paper introduces a model of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Tomohiro Yamasaki , Hirotada Kobayashi , Hiroshi Imai

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a low-power, non-von-Neumann, general-purpose paradigm for classical computing using transistor-free logic. An elementary QCA device called a "cell" is made from a system of coupled quantum dots with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Enrique P. Blair