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Growing synthetic networks that follow power law distributions of a node's degree often involves adding one node at a time. Each node is added to the network with a fixed amount of edges and those edges are frozen for all future time steps.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-27 Justin Downes

Many real-world scale-free networks, such as neural networks and online communication networks, consist of a fixed number of nodes but exhibit dynamic edge fluctuations. However, traditional models frequently overlook scenarios where the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yichao Yao , Minyu Feng , Matjaž Perc , Jürgen Kurths

Systems which consist of many localized constituents interacting with each other can be represented by complex networks. Consistently, network science has become highly popular in vast fields focusing on natural, artificial and social…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-29 Rute Oliveira , Samuraí Brito , Luciano R. da Silva , Constantino Tsallis

The preferential attachment (PA) process is a popular theory for explaining network power-law degree distributions. In PA, the probability that a new vertex adds an edge to an existing vertex depends on the connectivity of the target…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-17 Zhenfeng Cao , Zhou He , Neil F. Johnson

In real life, networks are dynamic in nature; they grow over time and often exhibit power-law degree sequences. To model the evolving structure of the internet, Barab\'{a}si and Albert introduced a simple dynamic model with a power-law…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Rounak Ray

Ever since the Barab\'{a}si-Albert (BA) scale-free network has been proposed, network modeling has been studied intensively in light of the network growth and the preferential attachment (PA). However, numerous real systems are featured…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yuhan Li , Minyu Feng , Jürgen Kurths

Preferential attachment is a central paradigm in the theory of complex networks. In this contribution we consider various generalizations of preferential attachment including for example node removal and edge rewiring. We demonstrate that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-01-24 Heiko Bauke , David Sherrington

The unmatched ability of Deep Neural Networks in capturing complex patterns in large and noisy datasets is often associated with their large hypothesis space, and consequently to the vast amount of parameters that characterize model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Enrico Ballini , Luca Muscarnera , Alessio Fumagalli , Anna Scotti , Francesco Regazzoni

The power law has been observed in the degree distributions of many biological neural networks. Sparse deep neural networks, which learn an economical representation from the data, resemble biological neural networks in many ways. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Lu Hou , James T. Kwok

Most of the real world networks such as the internet network, collaboration networks, brain networks, citation networks, powerline and airline networks are very large and to study their structure, and dynamics one often requires working…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-05 Richa Tripathi , Amit Reza

The ever-increasing knowledge of the structure of various real-world networks has uncovered their complex multi-mechanism-governed evolution processes. Therefore, a better understanding of the structure and evolution of these networked…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Ke Deng , Heping Zhao , Dejun Li

Artificial neural networks that learn to perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and related tasks using strictly local learning rules have been previously derived based on the principle of similarity matching: similar pairs of inputs…

Computation · Statistics 2018-11-06 Victor Minden , Cengiz Pehlevan , Dmitri B. Chklovskii

When modeling a directed social network, one choice is to use the traditional preferential attachment model, which generates power-law tail distributions. In a traditional directed preferential attachment, every new edge is added…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-18 Tiandong Wang , Sidney I. Resnick

We introduce a model for a preferentially attached network which has grown from a small world network. Here, the average path length and the clustering coefficient are estimated, and the topological properties of modeled networks are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-12-04 Seungyoung Lee

Complex networks in different areas exhibit degree distributions with heavy upper tail. A preferential attachment mechanism in a growth process produces a graph with this feature. We herein investigate a variant of the simple preferential…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Angelica Pachon , Laura Sacerdote , Shuyi Yang

A dynamic model for a random network evolving in continuous time is defined where new vertices are born and existing vertices may die. The fitness of a vertex is defined as the accumulated in-degree of the vertex and a new vertex is…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-24 Maria Deijfen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied to solve real-world regression problems. However, selecting optimal network structures remains a significant challenge. This study addresses this issue by linking neuron selection in DNNs…

Computation · Statistics 2025-09-30 Noah Yi-Ting Hung , Li-Hsiang Lin , Vince D. Calhoun

The availability of large scale streaming network data has reinforced the ubiquity of power-law distributions in observations and enabled precision measurements of the distribution parameters. The increased accuracy of these measurements…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-23 Pat Devlin , Jeremy Kepner , Ashley Luo , Erin Meger

This article reviews and evaluates models of network evolution based on the notion of structural diversity. We show that diversity is an underlying theme of three principles of network evolution: the preferential attachment model,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Jérôme Kunegis

We investigate a growing network model that combines preferential and uniform attachment with two distinct mechanisms of edge deletion. In addition to the usual uniform probability edge deletion, we introduce a novel node-based rule in…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-02-24 Everton R. Constantino , Alberto Saa