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The dependence E_h (N_e) of Extensive Air Shower (EAS) hadronic component energy flux on the number N_e of particles in EAS is investigated in the primary energy range of the order of 10^{15} - 10^{17} eV. The work was aimed at checking the…

Cosmic rays are the highest energy particles found in nature. Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays between 10^{17} eV and 10^{18} eV are essential to understand whether this energy range is dominated by Galactic or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-03 S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , H. Falcke , J. R. Hörandel , T. Huege , A. Nelles , J. P. Rachen , L. Rossetto , P . Schellart , O. Scholten , S. ter Veen , S. Thoudam , T. N. G. Trinh , J. Anderson , A. Asgekar , I. M. Avruch , M. E. Bell , M. J. Bentum , G. Bernardi , P. Best , A. Bonafede , F. Breitling , J. W. Broderick , W. N. Brouw , M. Brüggen , H. R. Butcher , D. Carbone , B. Ciardi , J. E. Conway , F. de Gasperin , E. de Geus , A. Deller , R. -J. Dettmar , G. van Diepen , S. Duscha , J. Eislöffel , D. Engels , J. E. Enriquez , R. A. Fallows , R. Fender , C. Ferrari , W. Frieswijk , M. A. Garrett , J. M. Griessmeier , A. W. Gunst , M. P. van Haarlem , T. E. Hassall , G. Heald , J. W. T. Hessels , M. Hoeft , A. Horneffer , M. Iacobelli , H. Intema , E. Juette , A. Karastergiou , V. I. Kondratiev , M. Kramer , M. Kuniyoshi , G. Kuper , J. van Leeuwen , G. M. Loose , P. Maat , G. Mann , S. Markoff , R. McFadden , D. McKay-Bukowski , J. P. McKean , M. Mevius , D. D. Mulcahy , H. Munk , M. J. Norden , E. Orru , H. Paas , M. Pandey-Pommier , V. N. Pandey , M. Pietka , R. Pizzo , A. G. Polatidis , W. Reich , H. J. A. Röttgering , A. M. M. Scaife , D. J. Schwarz , M. Serylak , J. Sluman , O. Smirnov , B. W. Stappers , M. Steinmetz , A. Stewart , J. Swinbank , M. Tagger , Y. Tang , C. Tasse , M. C. Toribio , R. Vermeulen , C. Vocks , C. Vogt , R. J. van Weeren , R. A. M. J. Wijers , S. J. Wijnholds , M. W. Wise , O. Wucknitz , S. Yatawatta , P. Zarka , J. A. Zensus

Lateral distribution functions of particles in extensive air showers with the energy $E_0 \simeq 10^{19}$ eV recorded by ground-based and underground scintillation detectors with a threshold of $E_{\mu} \simeq 1.0 \times \sec\theta$ GeV at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-29 A. V. Glushkov , K. G. Lebedev , A. V. Sabourov

We calculate the energy spectra and mass composition of cosmic rays in energy region 1 - 10^8 GeV/particle under the assumption that cosmic rays propagation in the Galaxy is described by anomalous diffusion equation. Our results and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. A. Lagutin , D. V. Strelnikov , A. G. Tyumentsev

From the data on Cherenkov light from EASs collected over the period of more than 15 years, the spectrum of cosmic rays was obtained in the energy range 1.0E15-1.0E18 eV. This spectrum has two features: at ~3.0E15 eV (first knee) and at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-10-09 S. P. Knurenko , Z. E. Petrov , R. Sidorov , I. Ye. Sleptsov , S. K. Starostin , G. G. Struchkov

Monte Carlo simulations show that the pulse profile of Cherenkov photons measured near the core of an extensive air shower is sensitive to the secondary muon/electron ratio of the cascade. Cherenkov pulses can easily be measured with a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-04-04 M. D. Roberts

The change in the fluxes of the lightest and heaviest nuclei in the mass composition of primary cosmic radiation in the energy range of E0 = 1-100 PeV is analyzed on the basis of data from the KASCADE-Grande experiment. This analysis is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-30 S. E. Pyatovsky , A. D. Erlykin , V. S. Puchkov

We consider the problem of the cosmic ray spectrum formation assuming that cosmic rays are produced by Galactic sources. The anomalous diffusion equation proposed in our recent papers is used to describe cosmic ray propagation in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-17 Nikolay Volkov , Anatoly Lagutin , Alexander Tyumentsev , Roman Raikin

A new method for energy and mass composition estimation of primary cosmic ray radiation based on atmospheric Cerenkov light flux in extensive air showers (EAS) analysis is proposed. The Cerenkov light flux in EAS initiated by primary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Mavrodiev , A. Mishev , J. Stamenov

The Yakutsk array observes the Cherenkov light emitted by UHECR in atmosphere. Recently, an autonomous subarray is added consisting of photomultipliers to measure the showers in the knee region. Our aim is to analyze the combined data set…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. A. Ivanov , S. P. Knurenko , I. Ye. Sleptsov

The lateral distribution of muons with threshold energy e ~ 1*sec(theta) GeV have been studied in showers with energy E>=10^17 eV. The data considered in the analysis have been collected from November 2011 to June 2013. Experimental values…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-10-07 A. V. Glushkov , A. Sabourov

In the last two decades, different advances with extensive air shower (EAS) experiments have allowed to unveil several details about the composition and energy spectrum of galactic cosmic rays from some TeV up to several hundreds of PeV,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez

The greater part of this paper is concerned with a historical discussion of the development of the search for the origins of the highest-energy cosmic-rays together with a few remarks about future prospects. Additionally, in section 6, the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-12 A A Watson

Arrival directions of cosmic rays with the energy E>4.10^19 eV are analyzed on the basis of the Yakutsk and AGASA extensive air shower arrays. It is supposed that the clusters can be formed as a result of fragmentation of superheavy nuclei.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. A. Mikhailov , N. N. Efremov

We report an estimation of the injected mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies higher than 10 EeV. The composition is inferred from an energy-dependent sky distribution of UHECR events observed by the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-04 Telescope Array Collaboration , R. U. Abbasi , Y. Abe , T. Abu-Zayyad , M. Allen , Y. Arai , R. Arimura , E. Barcikowski , J. W. Belz , D. R. Bergman , S. A. Blake , I. Buckland , B. G. Cheon , M. Chikawa , T. Fujii , K. Fujisue , K. Fujita , R. Fujiwara , M. Fukushima , G. Furlich , N. Globus , R. Gonzalez , W. Hanlon , N. Hayashida , H. He , R. Hibi , K. Hibino , R. Higuchi , K. Honda , D. Ikeda , N. Inoue , T. Ishii , H. Ito , D. Ivanov , A. Iwasaki , H. M. Jeong , S. Jeong , C. C. H. Jui , K. Kadota , F. Kakimoto , O. Kalashev , K. Kasahara , S. Kasami , S. Kawakami , K. Kawata , I. Kharuk , E. Kido , H. B. Kim , J. H. Kim , J. H. Kim , S. W. Kim , Y. Kimura , I. Komae , V. Kuzmin , M. Kuznetsov , Y. J. Kwon , K. H. Lee , B. Lubsandorzhiev , J. P. Lundquist , H. Matsumiya , T. Matsuyama , J. N. Matthews , R. Mayta , K. Mizuno , M. Murakami , I. Myers , K. H. Lee , S. Nagataki , K. Nakai , T. Nakamura , E. Nishio , T. Nonaka , H. Oda , S. Ogio , M. Onishi , H. Ohoka , N. Okazaki , Y. Oku , T. Okuda , Y. Omura , M. Ono , A. Oshima , H. Oshima , S. Ozawa , I. H. Park , K. Y. Park , M. Potts , M. S. Pshirkov , J. Remington , D. C. Rodriguez , C. Rott , G. I. Rubtsov , D. Ryu , H. Sagawa , R. Saito , N. Sakaki , T. Sako , N. Sakurai , D. Sato , K. Sato , S. Sato , K. Sekino , P. D. Shah , N. Shibata , T. Shibata , J. Shikita , H. Shimodaira , B. K. Shin , H. S. Shin , D. Shinto , J. D. Smith , P. Sokolsky , B. T. Stokes , T. A. Stroman , Y. Takagi , K. Takahashi , M. Takamura , M. Takeda , R. Takeishi , A. Taketa , M. Takita , Y. Tameda , K. Tanaka , M. Tanaka , Y. Tanoue , S. B. Thomas , G. B. Thomson , P. Tinyakov , I. Tkachev , H. Tokuno , T. Tomida , S. Troitsky , R. Tsuda , Y. Tsunesada , S. Udo , F. Urban , D. Warren , T. Wong , K. Yamazaki , K. Yashiro , F. Yoshida , Y. Zhezher , Z. Zundel

The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with $\sim$ 3 km$^2$ geometric area, is taking data since 2009.The array permits a detailed study of energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy range from $6\cdot 10^{15}$ to…

Interpretation of the energy spectrum and arrival distribution of cosmic rays is complicated by lack of knowledge of the nature of the primaries. We review claims for the mass composition above 1017 eV where it can be determined only…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. T. Dova , A. A. Watson , A. G. Mariazzi

The composition of the overall spectrum of cosmic rays (CRs) is studied under the assumption that ultra high energy CRs above the energy 10^{17} eV are produced at the shock created by the expanding cocoons around active galactic nuclei…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-02-11 E. G. Berezhko

We reanalyze archival EAS-MSU data in order to search for events with anomalously low content of muons with energies E_mu>10 GeV in extensive air showers with number of particles N_e>2*10^7. We confirm the first evidence for nonzero flux of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-01-30 Yu. A. Fomin , N. N. Kalmykov , G. V. Kulikov , V. P. Sulakov , S. V. Troitsky

The ratio of the muon flux density to charged particle flux density at distances of 300 and 600 m from the shower axis ($\rhom(300)/\rhos(300)$ and $\rhom(600)/\rhos(600)$) is measured. In addition, the energy dependence of $\rhom(1000)$ is…