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Hot super-Earths are exoplanets with masses < 10 Earth masses and orbital periods < 20 days. Around 8 hot super-Earths have been discovered in the neighborhood of solar system. In this lecture, we review the mechanisms for the formation of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Ji-Lin Zhou

We have investigated the formation of close-in extrasolar giant planets through a coupling effect of mutual scattering, Kozai mechanism, and tidal circularization, by orbital integrations. We have carried out orbital integrations of three…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Nagasawa , S. Ida , T. Bessho

With more than 260 extrasolar planetary systems discovered to-date, the search for habitable planets has found new grounds. Unlike our solar system, the stars of many of these planets are hosts to eccentric or close-in giant bodies. Several…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Nader Haghighipour

It is well accepted that 'hot Jupiters' did not form in situ, as the temperature in the protoplanetary disc at the radius at which they now orbit would have been too high for planet formation to have occurred. These planets, instead, form…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 W. K. M. Rice , J. Veljanoski , A. Collier Cameron

`Hot jupiters,' giant planets with orbits very close to their parent stars, are thought to form farther away and migrate inward via interactions with a massive gas disk. If a giant planet forms and migrates quickly, the planetesimal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Sean N. Raymond , Thomas Quinn , Jonathan I. Lunine

Although several S-type and P-type planets in binary systems were discovered in past years, S-type planets have not yet been found in close binaries with an orbital separation not more than 5 au. Recent studies suggest that S-type planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-30 Yan-Xiang Gong , Jianghui Ji

The planet formation process and subsequent planet migration may lead to configurations resulting in strong dynamical interactions among the various planets. Well-studied possible outcomes include collisions between planets, scattering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-07-09 Philipp Podsiadlowski , Saul Rappaport , John M. Fregeau , Rosemary A. Mardling

The past decade has seen major progress in our understanding of terrestrial planet formation. Yet key questions remain. In this review we first address the growth of 100 km-scale planetesimals as a consequence of dust coagulation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond

We consider trends resulting from two formation mechanisms for short-period super-Earths: planet-planet scattering and migration. We model scenarios where these planets originate near the snow line in ``cold finger'' circumstellar disks.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Grant M. Kennedy , Scott J. Kenyon

We have investigated i) the formation of gravitationally bounded pairs of gas-giant planets (which we call "binary planets") from capturing each other through planet-planet dynamical tide during their close encounters and ii) the following…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 H. Ochiai , M. Nagasawa , S. Ida

Terrestrial planets form in a series of dynamical steps from the solid component of circumstellar disks. First, km-sized planetesimals form likely via a combination of sticky collisions, turbulent concentration of solids, and gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sean N. Raymond

Close-in giant planets (e.g. ``Hot Jupiters'') are thought to form far from their host stars and migrate inward, through the terrestrial planet zone, via torques with a massive gaseous disk. Here we simulate terrestrial planet growth during…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Sean N. Raymond , Avi M. Mandell , Steinn Sigurdsson

Evidence of mutually inclined planetary orbits has been reported for giant planets these last years. Here we aim to study the impact of eccentric and inclined massive giant planets on the terrestrial planet formation process, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-06 Sotiris Sotiriadis , Anne-Sophie Libert , Sean N. Raymond

Close-in giant planets are thought to have formed in the cold outer regions of planetary systems and migrated inward, passing through the orbital parameter space occupied by the terrestrial planets in our own Solar System. We present…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Avi M. Mandell , Sean N. Raymond , Steinn Sigurdsson

At least 30\% of main sequence stars host planets with sizes of between 1 and 4 Earth radii and orbital periods of less than 100 days. We use N-body simulations including a model for gas-assisted pebble accretion and disk--planet tidal…

Recent discoveries of several transiting planets with clearly non-zero eccentricities and some large inclinations started changing the simple picture of close-in planets having circular and well-aligned orbits. Two major scenarios to form…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Soko Matsumura , Stanton J. Peale , Frederic A. Rasio

Planets that form around stars born in dense stellar environments are subject to dynamical perturbations from other stars in the system. These perturbations will strip outer planets, forming a population of free-floating planets, some of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Scott Gaudi

Terrestrial planets are thought to be the result of a vast number of gravitational interactions and collisions between smaller bodies. We use numerical simulations to show that practically identical initial conditions result in a wide array…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-05 Volker Hoffmann , Simon L. Grimm , Ben Moore , Joachim Stadel

We hypothesise that planets are made by tidal downsizing of migrating giant planet embryos. The proposed scheme for planet formation consists of these steps: (i) a massive young protoplanetary disc fragments at R ~ several tens to hundreds…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Sergei Nayakshin

Observations in the past decade have revealed extrasolar planets with a wide range of orbital semimajor axes and eccentricities. Based on the present understanding of planet formation via core accretion and oligarchic growth, we expect that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Sourav Chatterjee , Eric B. Ford , Soko Matsumura , Frederic A. Rasio
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