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The {\em edit distance} between two ordered trees with vertex labels is the minimum cost of transforming one tree into the other by a sequence of elementary operations consisting of deleting and relabeling existing nodes, as well as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-12-01 Erik D. Demaine , Shay Mozes , Benjamin Rossman , Oren Weimann

We present a randomized algorithm for dynamic graph connectivity. With failure probability less than $1/n^c$ (for any constant $c$ we choose), our solution has worst case running time $O(\log^3 n)$ per edge insertion, $O(\log^4 n)$ per edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-10-16 Zhengyu Wang

Trees are useful entities allowing to model data structures and hierarchical relationships in networked decision systems ubiquitously. An ordered tree is a rooted tree where the order of the subtrees (children) of a node is significant. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Victor Parque , Tomoyuki Miyashita

We address the problem of building and maintaining distributed spanning trees in highly dynamic networks, in which topological events can occur at any time and any rate, and no stable periods can be assumed. In these harsh environments, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-07-23 Arnaud Casteigts , Serge Chaumette , Frédéric Guinand , Yoann Pigné

We present a deterministic fully-dynamic data structure for maintaining information about the cut-vertices in a graph; i.e. the vertices whose removal would disconnect the graph. Our data structure supports insertion and deletion of edges,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Jacob Holm , Wojciech Nadara , Eva Rotenberg , Marek Sokołowski

We present a decremental data structure for maintaining the SPQR-tree of a planar graph subject to edge contractions and deletions. The update time, amortized over $\Omega(n)$ operations, is $O(\log^2 n)$. Via SPQR-trees, we give a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Jacob Holm , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki , Eva Rotenberg

We describe a framework for maintaining forest algebra representations that are of logarithmic height for unranked trees. Such representations can be computed in O(n) time and updated in O(log(n)) time. The framework is of potential…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Sarah Kleest-Meißner , Jonas Marasus , Matthias Niewerth

We develop the first fully dynamic algorithm that maintains a decision tree over an arbitrary sequence of insertions and deletions of labeled examples. Given $\epsilon > 0$ our algorithm guarantees that, at every point in time, every node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Marco Bressan , Gabriel Damay , Mauro Sozio

The tree is an essential data structure in many applications. In a distributed application, such as a distributed file system, the tree is replicated.To improve performance and availability, different clients should be able to update their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Sreeja Nair , Filipe Meirim , Mário Pereira , Carla Ferreira , Marc Shapiro

We give new deterministic bounds for fully-dynamic graph connectivity. Our data structure supports updates (edge insertions/deletions) in $O(\log^2n/\log\log n)$ amortized time and connectivity queries in $O(\log n/\log\log n)$ worst-case…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-09-26 Christian Wulff-Nilsen

This paper considers fully dynamic graph algorithms with both faster worst case update time and sublinear space. The fully dynamic graph connectivity problem is the following: given a graph on a fixed set of n nodes, process an online…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-23 David Gibb , Bruce Kapron , Valerie King , Nolan Thorn

In this paper we consider the following modification of the iterative search problem. We are given a tree $T$, so that a dynamic catalog $C(v)$ is associated with every tree node $v$. For any $x$ and for any node-to-root path $\pi$ in $T$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-07-21 Yakov Nekrich

Embeddings of graphs into distributions of trees that preserve distances in expectation are a cornerstone of many optimization algorithms. Unfortunately, online or dynamic algorithms which use these embeddings seem inherently randomized and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Bernhard Haeupler , D Ellis Hershkowitz , Goran Zuzic

We present a data structure that for a dynamic graph $G$ that is updated by edge insertions and deletions, maintains a tree decomposition of $G$ of width at most $6k+5$ under the promise that the treewidth of $G$ never grows above $k$. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Tuukka Korhonen , Konrad Majewski , Wojciech Nadara , Michał Pilipczuk , Marek Sokołowski

Updating and querying on a range is a classical algorithmic problem with a multitude of applications. The Segment Tree data structure is particularly notable in handling the range query and update operations. A Segment Tree divides the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Nabil Ibtehaz , M. Kaykobad , M. Sohel Rahman

Transient faults corrupt the content and organization of data structures. A recovery technique dealing with such faults is stabilization, which guarantees, following some number of operations on the data structure, that content of the data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Ted Herman , Toshimitsu Masuzawa

We present $O(\log\log n)$ round scalable Massively Parallel Computation algorithms for maximal independent set and maximal matching, in trees and more generally graphs of bounded arboricity, as well as for constant coloring trees.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Mohsen Ghaffari , Christoph Grunau , Ce Jin

In this paper we show a new algorithm for the decremental single-source reachability problem in directed planar graphs. It processes any sequence of edge deletions in $O(n\log^2{n}\log\log{n})$ total time and explicitly maintains the set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Giuseppe F. Italiano , Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki , Piotr Sankowski

We show how to construct a dynamic ordered dictionary, supporting insert/delete/rank/select on a set of $n$ elements from a universe of size $U$, that achieves the optimal amortized expected time complexity of $O(1 + \log n / \log \log U)$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 William Kuszmaul , Jingxun Liang , Renfei Zhou

The fully-functional succinct tree representation of Navarro and Sadakane (ACM Transactions on Algorithms, 2014) supports a large number of operations in constant time using $2n+o(n)$ bits. However, the full idea is hard to implement. Only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Joshimar Cordova , Gonzalo Navarro