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These lectures provide an overview of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the $SU(3)_C$ gauge theory of the strong interactions. After briefly reviewing the empirical considerations which lead to the introduction of {\it colour}, the QCD…
Coherence phenomena, and the non-universality of parton structure of the effective Pomeron are explained. New hard phenomena directly calculable in QCD such as diffractive electroproduction of states with $M^2\ll Q^2$ as well as new options…
The study of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at ultra-relativistic energies can be performed in a controlled environment through lepton-hadron deep inelastic scatterings. In such collisions, the high-energy partonic emissions that follow from…
Just as Quantum Electrodynamics describes how electrons are bound in atoms by the electromagnetic force, mediated by exchange of photons, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) describes how quarks are bound inside hadrons by the strong force,…
Quantum Chromodynamics is the theory of strong interactions. It has been shown during the last decades that it describes correctly most of the properties of hadrons at high energy. The most distinctive feature of the theory is the…
Quantum chromodynamics is a fundamental non-abelian gauge theory of strong interactions. The physical quantum chromodynamics vacuum state, $|\theta\rangle$, is a linear superposition of the $n$-vacua states with different topological…
QCD is the fundamental theory to describe the strong interaction, where quarks and gluons have the color degrees of freedom. However, a single quark or gluon can not be separated out and all observable particles are color singlet states.…
The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), an international accelerator centre, is under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. FAIR will provide high-intensity primary beams of protons and heavy-ions, and intense secondary beams of…
The Anti-Proton ANnihilation at DArmstadt (PANDA) experiment proposed at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt (Germany) will perform a high precision spectroscopy of charmonium and exotic hadrons, such as…
The recent discovery of binary neutron star mergers has opened a new and exciting venue of research into hot and dense strongly interacting matter. For the first time this elusive state of matter, described by the theory of quantum chromo…
The future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is an accelerator-based international center for fundamental and applied research, which presently is under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. An important part of the program is…
We review key measurements performed by CMS in the context of its heavy ion physics program, using event samples collected in 2010-2018 with several collision systems and energies. These studies provide detailed macroscopic and microscopic…
With the experimental observation of several credible candidates for multiquark hadrons, the latter states re-entered the focus of interest of theoretical strong-interaction physics. Proper treatment of hadronic bound states by quantum…
We give an overview of recent progress into the infrared structure of QCD based on the gauge/gravity correspondence and light-front quantization, where the color confining interaction for mesons and baryons is determined by an underlying…
High energy heavy-ion collisions in laboratory produce a form of matter that can test Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions, at high temperatures. One of the exciting possibilities is the existence of…
Laboratory experiments with high-energetic heavy-ion collisions offer the opportunity to explore fundamental properties of nuclear matter, such as the high-density equation-of-state, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic…
QCD is the theory of strong interactions and non-perturbative methods have been developed to address the confinement property of QCD. Many experimental measurements probe the confining dynamics, and it is well-known that hard scattering…
Establishing an explicit connection between the long distance physics of confinement and the dynamical interactions of quarks and gluons at short distances has been a long-sought goal of quantum chromodynamics. Using holographic QCD, we…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory describing the strong nuclear force and the interactions among quarks and gluons. Topological stars, characterized by extreme density conditions, offer a unique environment where QCD…
I review a number of topics where conventional wisdom in hadron physics has been challenged. For example, hadrons can be produced at large transverse momentum directly within a hard higher-twist QCD subprocess, rather than from jet…