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Prime numbers appeared in contexts spanning statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics and dynamical systems. However, the mechanisms governing the irregularities observed in their sequence and linking them to physical systems remained…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Marzena Ciszak

We consider random temporal graphs, a version of the classical Erd\H{o}s--R\'enyi random graph G(n,p) where additionally, each edge has a distinct random time stamp, and connectivity is constrained to sequences of edges with increasing time…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Nicolas Broutin , Nina Kamčev , Gabor Lugosi

If we treat the symmetric group $S_n$ as a probability measure space where each element has measure $1/n!$, then the number of cycles in a permutation becomes a random variable. The Cycle Length Lemma describes the expected values of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-21 John C. Baez

Many random combinatorial objects have a component structure whose joint distribution is equal to that of a process of mutually independent random variables, conditioned on the value of a weighted sum of the variables. It is interesting to…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-08-16 Richard Arratia , Simon Tavare

The order-preserving model (op-model, in short) was introduced quite recently but has already attracted significant attention because of its applications in data analysis. We introduce several types of periods in this setting (op-periods).…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Garance Gourdel , Tomasz Kociumaka , Jakub Radoszewski , Wojciech Rytter , Arseny Shur , Tomasz Waleń

We investigate the order of the variance of the optimal alignments score of two independent iid binary random words having the same length. The letters are equiprobable, but the scoring function is such that one letter has a larger score…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-17 Christian Houdré , Heinrich Matzinger

Sequential estimation of the success probability $p$ in inverse binomial sampling is considered in this paper. For any estimator $\hat p$, its quality is measured by the risk associated with normalized loss functions of linear-linear or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Luis Mendo

We explore the probability that a permutation sampled from the symmetric group of order n uniformly at random has cycles of lengths not exceeding r. Asymptotic formulas valid in specified regions for the ratio n/r are obtained using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-05 Eugenijus Manstavičius , Robertas Petuchovas

We define interval spacing as the difference in the order statistics of data over a gap of some width. We derive its density, expected value, and variance for uniform, exponential, and logistic variates. We show that interval spacing is…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-30 Greg Kreider

Several cycle lexicographical orders are found to describe the relative likelihood of elements of the random walks on the symmetric group generated by the conjugacy classes of transpositions, 3-cycles, and n-cycles. Spectral analysis finds…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-14 Megan Bernstein

This work is a continuation of [7]. We consider a continuous-time birth-and-death process in which the transition rates have an asymptotical power-law dependence upon the position of the process. We establish rough exponential asymptotic…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-12 A. V. Logachov , Y. M. Suhov , N. D. Vvedenskaya , A. A. Yambartsev

Exact evaluation of $<{\rm Tr} S^p>$ is here performed for real symmetric matrices $S$ of arbitrary order $n$, up to some integer $p$, where the matrix entries are independent identically distributed random variables, with an arbitrary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Giovanni M. Cicuta

We study a $d$-dimensional random walk with exponentially distributed increments conditioned so that the components stay ordered (in the sense of Doob). We find explicitly a positive harmonic function $h$ for the killed process and then…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Denis Denisov , Will FitzGerald

The system of equations for parametric sub-resonant growth of the amplitude of oscillations was obtained. The time of turning point from the growing of the amplitude to the bounded oscillations in the slow variable was found. The comparison…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-06-22 P. Y. Astafyeva , O. K. Kiselev

Given that a stationary Gaussian process is above a high threshold, the length of time it spends before going below that threshold is studied. The asymptotic order is determined by the smoothness of the sample paths, which in turn is a…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-10 Arijit Chakrabarty , Manish Pandey , Sukrit Chakraborty

By embedding uncertainty into time, we obtain a conjoint axiomatic characterization of both Exponential Discounting and Subjective Expected Utility that accommodates arbitrary state and outcome spaces. In doing so, we provide a novel and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-03-25 Lorenzo Bastianello , Vassili Vergopoulos

We show that functions of type $X_n = P[Z^n]$, where $P[t]$ is a periodic function and $Z$ is a generic real number, can produce sequences such that any string of values $X_{s}, X_{s+1}, ...,X_{s+m}$ is deterministically independent of past…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. Trujillo , J. J. Suarez , J. A. Gonzalez

For time series with high temporal correlation, the empirical process converges rather slowly to its limiting distribution. Many statistics in change-point analysis, goodness-of-fit testing and uncertainty quantification admit a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Annika Betken , Marie-Christine Düker

We give a semantics to iterated update by a preference relation on possible developments. An iterated update is a sequence of formulas, giving (incomplete) information about successive states of the world. A development is a sequence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Shai Berger , Daniel Lehmann , Karl Schlechta

Continuous Time Random Maxima (CTRM) are a generalization of classical extreme value theory: Instead of observing random events at regular intervals in time, the waiting times between the events are also random variables with arbitrary…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-02-02 Katharina Hees , Hans-Peter Scheffler