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Humans are routinely exposed to mixtures of chemical and other environmental factors, making the quantification of health effects associated with environmental mixtures a critical goal for establishing environmental policy sufficiently…
A typical problem in air pollution epidemiology is exposure assessment for individuals for which health data are available. Due to the sparsity of monitoring sites and the limited temporal frequency with which measurements of air pollutants…
The opportunity to assess short term impact of air pollution relies on the causal interpretation of the exposure-outcome association, but up to now few studies explicitly faced this issue within a causal inference framework. In this paper,…
The health effects of environmental exposures have been studied for decades, typically using standard regression models to assess exposure-outcome associations found in observational non-experimental data. We propose and illustrate a…
The analysis of environmental mixtures is of growing importance in environmental epidemiology, and one of the key goals in such analyses is to identify exposures and their interactions that are associated with adverse health outcomes.…
The relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and mortality or morbidity has been the subject of much recent research, in which the standard method of analysis uses Poisson linear or additive models. In this paper we use a…
In epidemiological studies of air pollution and public health, estimating the health impact of exposure to air pollution may be hindered by the unknown functional form of the exposure-outcome association and by unmeasured confounding…
Estimation of the long-term health effects of air pollution is a challenging task, especially when modelling small-area disease incidence data in an ecological study design. The challenge comes from the unobserved underlying spatial…
The Clean Air Act mandates that the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) must be routinely assessed to protect populations based on the latest science. Therefore, researchers should continue to address whether exposure to levels…
When assessing the short term effect of air pollution on health outcomes, it is common practice to consider one pollutant at a time, due to their high correlation. Multi pollutant methods have been recently proposed, mainly consisting of…
This study develops a Bayesian hierarchical model to explore the effects of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in Los Angeles County. The model takes into account various pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2…
Environmental epidemiologic studies routinely utilize aggregate health outcomes to estimate effects of short-term (e.g., daily) exposures that are available at increasingly fine spatial resolutions. However, areal averages are typically…
Public health researchers often estimate health effects of exposures (e.g., pollution, diet, lifestyle) that cannot be directly measured for study subjects. A common strategy in environmental epidemiology is to use a first-stage (exposure)…
Environmental epidemiologists are often interested in estimating the effect of time-varying functions of the exposure history on health outcomes. However, the individual exposure measurements that constitute the history upon which an…
Statistical models often require inputs that are not completely known. This can occur when inputs are measured with error, indirectly, or when they are predicted using another model. In environmental epidemiology, air pollution exposure is…
Distributed lag models are useful in environmental epidemiology as they allow the user to investigate critical windows of exposure, defined as the time period during which exposure to a pollutant adversely affects health outcomes. Recent…
Studies have shown that exposure to air pollution, even at low levels, significantly increases mortality. As regulatory actions are becoming prohibitively expensive, robust evidence to guide the development of targeted interventions to…
A wealth of epidemiological data suggests an association between mortality/morbidity from pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events and air pollution, but uncertainty remains as to the extent implied by those associations although the…
Acknowledging the effects of outdoor air pollution, the literature inadequately addresses indoor air pollution's impacts. Despite daily health risks, existing research primarily focused on monitoring, lacking accuracy in pinpointing indoor…
Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental pollutants rather than single chemicals, necessitating methods to quantify the health effects of such mixtures. Research on environmental mixtures provides insights into realistic…