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Thomas Schelling developed an influential demographic model that illustrated how, even with relatively mild assumptions on each individual's nearest neighbor preferences, an integrated city would likely unravel to a segregated city, even if…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-19 Abhinav Singh , Dmitri Vainchtein , Howard Weiss

Residential segregation is analyzed via the Schelling model, in which two types of agents attempt to optimize their situation according to certain preferences and tolerance levels. Several variants of this work are focused on urban or…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-20 Diego Ortega , Javier Rodríguez-Laguna , Elka Korutcheva

We investigate the static and dynamic properties of a celebrated model of social segregation, providing a complete explanation of the mechanisms leading to segregation both in one- and two-dimensional systems. Standard statistical physics…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Luca Dall'Asta , Claudio Castellano , Matteo Marsili

Socio-spatial segregation is the physical separation of different social, economic, or demographic groups within a geographic space, often resulting in unequal access to resources, services, and opportunities. The literature has…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Yuan Liao , Jorge Gil , Sonia Yeh , Rafael H. M. Pereira , Laura Alessandretti

Segregation is a growing concern around the world. One of its main manifestations is the creation of ghettos, whose inhabitants have difficult access to well-paid jobs, which are often located far from their homes. In order to study this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-23 D. Ortega , E. Korutcheva

Schelling's model of segregation demonstrates that even in the absence of social or governmental interventions, individuals with mild in-group preferences can self-organize into strongly segregated neighborhoods. Many variants of this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-11 Fabio van Dissel , Tuan Minh Pham , Wout Merbis

The Schelling model, introduced by Schelling in 1969 as a model for residential segregation in cities, describes how populations of multiple types self-organize to form homogeneous clusters of one type. In this model, vertices in an…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-12 Nina Holden , Scott Sheffield

We analyze the Schelling model of segregation in which a society of n individuals live in a ring. Each individual is one of two races and is only satisfied with his location so long as at least half his 2w nearest neighbors are of the same…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-30 Christina Brandt , Nicole Immorlica , Gautam Kamath , Robert Kleinberg

Despite modest declines in residential segregation levels since the Civil Rights Era, segregation remains a defining feature of the U.S. landscape. This study highlights the importance of considering physical barriers--features of the urban…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-09-22 Elizabeth Roberto , Jackelyn Hwang

Research on residential segregation has been active since the 1950s and originated in a desire to quantify the level of racial/ethnic segregation in the United States. The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), an operationalization…

Applications · Statistics 2023-05-01 Yang Xu , Loni Philip Tabb

Social media filters combined with recommender systems can lead to the emergence of filter bubbles and polarized groups. In addition, segregation processes of human groups in certain social contexts have been shown to share some…

Racial segregation is a widespread social and physical phenomenon present in every city across the United States. Although prevalent nationwide, each city has a unique history of racial segregation, resulting in distinct "shapes" of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Ori Friesen , Lori Ziegelmeier

The Schelling model of segregation between two groups of residential agents (Schelling 1971; Schelling 1978) reflects the most abstract view of the non-economic forces of residential migrations: be close to people of 'your own'. The model…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-10-14 Itzhak Benenson , Erez Hatna

We consider Schelling's bounded neighbourhood model (BNM) of unorganised segregation of two populations from the perspective of modern dynamical systems theory. We derive a Schelling dynamical system and carry out a complete quantitative…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2017-09-25 D. J. Haw , S. J. Hogan

We study the behaviour of a Schelling-class system in which a fraction $f$ of spatially-fixed switching agents is introduced. This new model allows for multiple interpretations, including: (i) random, non-preferential allocation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-02 Aurélien Hazan , Julien Randon-Furling

Schelling segregation is a well-established model used to investigate the dynamics of segregation in agent-based models. Since we consider segregation to be key for the development of political polarisation, we are interested in what…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Sage Anastasi , Giulio Dalla Riva

The phenomenon of residential segregation was captured by Schelling's famous segregation model where two types of agents are placed on a grid and an agent is content with her location if the fraction of her neighbors which have the same…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Hagen Echzell , Tobias Friedrich , Pascal Lenzner , Louise Molitor , Marcus Pappik , Friedrich Schöne , Fabian Sommer , David Stangl

Segregation is widespread in all realms of human society. Several influential studies have argued that intolerance is not a prerequisite for a segregated society, and that segregation can arise even when people generally prefer diversity.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Milena Tsvetkova , Olof Nilsson , Camilla Öhman , Lovisa Sumpter , David Sumpter

The global surge in social inequalities is one of the most pressing issues of our times. The spatial expression of social inequalities at city scale gives rise to urban segregation, a common phenomenon across different local and cultural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Anastassia Vybornova , Trivik Verma

The traditional approach to the quantitative study of segregation is to employ indices that are selected by ``desirable properties''. Here, we detail how information theory underpins entropy-based indices and demonstrate how desirable…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-15 Boris Barron , Yunus A. Kinkhabwala , Chriss Hess , Matthew Hall , Itai Cohen , Tomás A. Arias