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Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances is significant for the safe deployment of NLP models. Among recent textual OOD detection works based on pretrained language models (PLMs), distance-based methods have shown superior performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Sishuo Chen , Xiaohan Bi , Rundong Gao , Xu Sun

In this paper, we propose a new class of quantized message-passing decoders for LDPC codes over the BSC. The messages take values (or levels) from a finite set. The update rules do not mimic belief propagation but instead are derived using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Shiva Kumar Planjery , David Declercq , Shashi Kiran Chilappagari , Bane Vasić

We propose a novel soft-aided iterative decoding algorithm for product codes (PCs). The proposed algorithm, named iterative bounded distance decoding with combined reliability (iBDD-CR), enhances the conventional iterative bounded distance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Alireza Sheikh , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Gianluigi Liva , Alex Alvarado

In streaming applications, doping improves the performance of spatially-coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes by creating reduced-degree check nodes in the coupled chain. We formulate a scaling law to predict the bit and block…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Roman Sokolovskii , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Fredrik Brännström

We investigate random spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) code ensembles over finite fields. Under different variable-node edge-spreading rules, the random Tanner graphs of several coupled ensembles are defined by multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jiaxin Lyu , Guanghui He

Generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes are a class of LDPC codes in which the standard single parity check (SPC) constraints are replaced by constraints defined by a linear block code. These stronger constraints typically result…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-19 David G. M. Mitchell , Pablo M. Olmos , Michael Lentmaier , Daniel J. Costello

Fault-tolerant quantum computers must be designed in conjunction with classical co-processors that decode quantum error correction measurement information in real-time. In this work, we introduce the belief propagation plus ordered Tanner…

We describe an empirical approach to identify low-weight combinations of columns of the decoding matrices of a quantum circuit-level noise model, for which belief-propagation (BP) algorithms converge possibly very slowly. Focusing on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Haggai Landa

In this paper, a new method for decoding Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, based on Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks is proposed. Due to the fact that in neural networks all procedures are processed in parallel, this method…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-14 Alireza Karami , Mahmoud Ahmadian Attari

Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are linear error correcting codes used in communication systems for Forward Error Correction (FEC). But, intensive computation is required for encoding and decoding of LDPC codes, making it difficult…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Bhargav Gokalgandhi , Ivan Seskar

Cyclic liftings are proposed to lower the error floor of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The liftings are designed to eliminate dominant trapping sets of the base code by removing the short cycles which form the trapping sets. We…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-02-24 Reza Asvadi , Amir H. Banihashemi , Mahmoud Ahmadian-Attari

Spaces with locally varying scale of measurement, like multidimensional structures with differently scaled dimensions, are pretty common in statistics and machine learning. Nevertheless, it is still understood as an open question how to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-05 Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer , Hannah Blocher , Julian Rodemann , Thomas Augustin

The optimal transport (OT) problem can be reduced to a linear programming (LP) problem through discretization. In this paper, we introduced the random block coordinate descent (RBCD) methods to directly solve this LP problem. Our approach…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-27 Yue Xie , Zhongjian Wang , Zhiwen Zhang

In the emerging field of goal-oriented communications, the focus has shifted from reconstructing data to directly performing specific learning tasks, such as classification, segmentation, or pattern recognition, on the received coded data.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Ahcen Aliouat , Elsa Dupraz

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a recently proposed decoding paradigm particularly suitable for codes with short length and high rate. Among its variants, ordered reliability bits GRAND (ORBGRAND) exploits soft…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Li Wan , Wenyi Zhang

In this chapter, we show how the use of differential coding and the presence of phase slips in the transmission channel affect the total achievable information rates and capacity of a system. By means of the commonly used QPSK modulation,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Laurent Schmalen , Stephan ten Brink , Andreas Leven

Quantum error correction (QEC) is indispensable for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation, yet its effectiveness hinges critically on the classical decoding algorithm that interprets noisy syndrome measurements. Among all possible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Hanyan Cao , Ge Yan , Yuxuan Du , Feng Pan

Decoding sparse quantum codes can be accomplished by syndrome-based decoding using a belief propagation (BP) algorithm.We significantly improve this decoding scheme by developing a new feedback adjustment strategy for the standard BP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-25 Yun-Jiang Wang , Barry C. Sanders , Bao-Ming Bai , Xin-Mei Wang

Non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have some advantages over their binary counterparts, but unfortunately their decoding complexity is a significant challenge. The iterative hard- and soft-reliability based majority-logic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Chenrong Xiong , Zhiyuan Yan

Belief propagation (BP) decoding of quantum low density parity check (QLDPC) codes is often implemented using overcomplete stabilizer (OS) representations, where redundant parity checks are introduced to improve finite length performance.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hernan Cordova , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Gabriele Liga , Yunus Can Gültekin , Alex Alvarado