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We present a fermion model characterized by an anticommuting-parameter shift symmetry. The Hamiltonian formulation exhibits a combination of first-class and second-class constraints. We derive the well-known Dirac equation by fixing the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-30 Mauricio Valenzuela

A mechanism describing state reduction dynamics in relativistic quantum field theory is outlined. The mechanism involves nonlinear stochastic modifications to the standard description of unitary state evolution and the introduction of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Daniel J. Bedingham

Quantum thermalization describes how closed quantum systems can effectively reach thermal equilibrium, resolving the apparent incongruity between the reversibility of Schr\"odinger's equation and the second law of thermodynamics. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Saúl Pilatowsky-Cameo , Soonwon Choi

Using the Batalin-Vilkovisky technique and the background field method the proof of gauge invariant renormalizability is elaborated for a generic model of quantum gravity which is diffeomorphism invariant and has no other, potentially…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-07 Peter M. Lavrov , Ilya L. Shapiro

The relation between spin and statistics in quantum field theory relies on Poincar\'e invariance, a symmetry that is lost in the presence of a gravitational field, and replaced in general relativity by the principle of general covariance.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-13 Bekir Baytaş , Patrick Rodrigues , Nelson Yokomizo

In this note we give some remarks on the BRST formulation of a renormalizable and diffemorphism invariant 4D quantum gravity recently proposed by the author, which satisfies the integrability condition by Riegard, Fradkin and Tseytlin at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Ken-ji Hamada

We present a pseudoclassical mechanics model which exhibits gauge symmetry and time-reparametrization invariance. As such, first- and second-class constraints restrict the phase space, and the Hamiltonian weakly vanishes. We show that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-07 Mauricio Valenzuela

We give a generalized Lagrangian density of 1+1 Dimensional O(3) nonlinear sigma model with subsidiary constraints, different Lagrange multiplier fields and topological term, find a lost intrinsic constraint condition, convert the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Yong-Chang Huang , Kai-Hua Yang , Xi-Guo Lee

By proceeding with the idea that the presence of physical (BRST invariant) extra factors in the path integral is equivalent to taking into account explicitly the arbitrariness in resolving the quantum master equation, we consider the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-24 Igor A. Batalin , Peter M. Lavrov

In this and a companion paper, we show that quantum field theories with gauge symmetries permit a broader class of classical dynamics than typically assumed. In this article, we show that the dynamics extracted from the path integral or…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-04 David E. Kaplan , Tom Melia , Surjeet Rajendran

Cosmological perturbation theory is an example of a gauge theory, where gauge transformations correspond to changes in the space-time coordinate system. To determine physical quantities, one is free to introduce gauge conditions (\ie to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-23 Danilo Artigas , Julien Grain , Vincent Vennin

We revisit Coincident General Relativity (CGR) in the gauge approach to gravity based on Symmetric Teleparallel Equivalent to General Relativity (STEGR) in the {\it internal-space formulation}, which one of the authors recently proposed in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-22 Kyosuke Tomonari , Taishi Katsuragawa , Shin'ichi Nojiri

By requiring unambiguous symmetric quantization leading to the Dirac equation in a curved space, we obtain a special representation of the spin connections in terms of the Dirac gamma matrices and their space-time derivatives. We also…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-22 A. D. Alhaidari , A. Jellal

Quantum state, in relativistic quantum mechanics, itself turns out to be an entangled state due to its own degrees freedom such as spin and momentum. This peculiar entanglement leaves the transformed state mixed. We consider the fractional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-02-28 S. Arunagiri

We demonstrate Yokoyama gaugeon formalism for the Abelian one-form gauge (Maxwell) as well as for Abelian two-form gauge theory in the very special relativity (VSR) framework. In VSR scenario, the extended action due to introduction of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-20 Sudhaker Upadhyay , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We consider a second degree algebraic curve describing a general conic constraint imposed on the motion of a massive spinless particle. The problem is trivial at classical level but becomes involved and interesting in its quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-13 Gabriel D. Barbosa , Ronaldo Thibes

We present and analyze a gauge-invariant quantum theory of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with dust. We construct the reduced phase space spanned by gauge-invariant quantities by using the so-called relational formalism at the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Fumitoshi Amemiya , Tatsuhiko Koike

Generalized coherent states for shape invariant potentials are constructed using an algebraic approach based on supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We show this generalized formalism is able to: a) supply the essential requirements necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. N. F. Aleixo , A. B. Balantekin

The quantisation of gauge invariant systems usually proceeds through some gauge fixing procedure of one type or another. Typically for most cases, such gauge fixings are plagued by Gribov ambiguities, while it is only for an admissible…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Victor M. Villanueva , Jan Govaerts , Jose-Luis Lucio-Martinez

A new generalization of the vector Schwinger model is considered where gauge symmetry is broken at the quantum mechanical level. By proper extension of the phase space this broken symmetry has been restored. Also an equivalent first class…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Anisur Rahaman