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Related papers: The Use of Unlabeled Data in Predictive Modeling

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The paradigm of data programming, which uses weak supervision in the form of rules/labelling functions, and semi-supervised learning, which augments small amounts of labelled data with a large unlabelled dataset, have shown great promise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ayush Maheshwari , Oishik Chatterjee , KrishnaTeja Killamsetty , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Rishabh Iyer

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) alleviates the cost of data labeling process by exploiting unlabeled data and has achieved promising results. Meanwhile, with the development of large foundation models, exploiting pre-trained models becomes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Song-Lin Lv , Rui Zhu , Tong Wei , Yu-Feng Li , Lan-Zhe Guo

This article addresses the problem of classification method based on both labeled and unlabeled data, where we assume that a density function for labeled data is different from that for unlabeled data. We propose a semi-supervised logistic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-20 Shuichi Kawano

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to train a machine learning model using both labelled and unlabelled data. While the unlabelled data have been used in various ways to improve the prediction accuracy, the reason why unlabelled data could…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-28 Archer Moore , Heejung Shim , Jingge Zhu , Mingming Gong

Graph property prediction tasks are important and numerous. While each task offers a small size of labeled examples, unlabeled graphs have been collected from various sources and at a large scale. A conventional approach is training a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Gang Liu , Eric Inae , Tong Zhao , Jiaxin Xu , Tengfei Luo , Meng Jiang

Compressing giant neural networks has gained much attention for their extensive applications on edge devices such as cellphones. During the compressing process, one of the most important procedures is to retrain the pre-trained models using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Yehui Tang , Shan You , Chang Xu , Boxin Shi , Chao Xu

Semi-supervised datasets are ubiquitous across diverse domains where obtaining fully labeled data is costly or time-consuming. The prevalence of such datasets has consistently driven the demand for new tools and methods that exploit the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Ilmun Kim , Larry Wasserman , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Matey Neykov

We investigate model based classification with partially labelled training data. In many biostatistical applications, labels are manually assigned by experts, who may leave some observations unlabelled due to class uncertainty. We analyse…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-08 Daniel Ahfock , Geoffrey J. McLachlan

We propose a novel framework for incorporating unlabeled data into semi-supervised classification problems, where scenarios involving the minimization of either i) adversarially robust or ii) non-robust loss functions have been considered.…

Work in the classification literature has shown that in computing a classification function, one need not know the class membership of all observations in the training set; the unlabeled observations still provide information on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-07 Norman Matloff

In this study, a novel idea, Uncertainty Structure Estimation (USE), a lightweight, algorithm-agnostic procedure that emphasizes the often-overlooked role of unlabeled data quality is introduced for Semi-supervised learning (SSL). SSL has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tsao-Lun Chen , Chien-Liang Liu , Tzu-Ming Harry Hsu , Tai-Hsien Wu , Chi-Cheng Fu , Han-Yi E. Chou , Shun-Feng Su

Semi-supervised learning deals with the problem of how, if possible, to take advantage of a huge amount of unclassified data, to perform a classification in situations when, typically, there is little labeled data. Even though this is not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-11 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Mariela Sued

Semi-supervised learning has received increasingly attention in statistics and machine learning. In semi-supervised learning settings, a labeled data set with both outcomes and covariates and an unlabeled data set with covariates only are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Zhuojun Quan , Yuanyuan Lin , Kani Chen , Wen Yu

Labeling data for modern machine learning is expensive and time-consuming. Latent variable models can be used to infer labels from weaker, easier-to-acquire sources operating on unlabeled data. Such models can also be trained using labeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Mayee F. Chen , Benjamin Cohen-Wang , Stephen Mussmann , Frederic Sala , Christopher Ré

Semi-supervised learning deals with the problem of how, if possible, to take advantage of a huge amount of not classified data, to perform classification, in situations when, typically, the labelled data are few. Even though this is not…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-18 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Mariela Sued

Models of growing networks are a central topic in network science. In these models, vertices are usually labeled by their arrival time, distinguishing even those node pairs whose structural roles are identical. In contrast, unlabeled…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-23 Harrison Hartle , Brennan Klein , Dmitri Krioukov , P. L. Krapivsky

We propose a novel framework of the model specification test in regression using unlabeled test data. In many cases, we have conducted statistical inferences based on the assumption that we can correctly specify a model. However, it is…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-25 Masahiro Kato , Hikaru Kawarazaki

We consider statistical inference under a semi-supervised setting where we have access to both a labeled dataset consisting of pairs $\{X_i, Y_i \}_{i=1}^n$ and an unlabeled dataset $\{ X_i \}_{i=n+1}^{n+N}$. We ask the question: under what…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Zichun Xu , Daniela Witten , Ali Shojaie

Many clinical studies require the follow-up of patients over time. This is challenging: apart from frequently observed drop-out, there are often also organizational and financial challenges, which can lead to reduced data collection and, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Fateme Nateghi Haredasht , Celine Vens

Unlabeled data is a key component of modern machine learning. In general, the role of unlabeled data is to impose a form of smoothness, usually from the similarity information encoded in a base kernel, such as the $\epsilon$-neighbor kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-02 Runtian Zhai , Rattana Pukdee , Roger Jin , Maria-Florina Balcan , Pradeep Ravikumar