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Recent observations of gravitational waves from binary black holes and neutron stars allow us to probe the strong and dynamical field regime of gravity. On the other hand, a collective signal from many individual, unresolved sources results…
A mapping of nonextensive statistical mechanics into Gibbs' statistical mechanics exists, which leads to a generalization of Einstein's formula for fluctuations. A unified treatment of stability of relaxed states in nonextensive statistical…
Critical states are sometimes identified experimentally through power-law statistics or universal scaling functions. We show here that such features naturally emerge from networks in self-sustained irregular regimes away from criticality.…
It is often necessary to compare the power spectra of two or more time series. One may, for instance, wish to estimate what the power spectrum of the combined data sets might have been. One might also wish to estimate the significance of a…
In clinical studies with paired organs, binary outcomes often exhibit intra-subject correlation and may include a mixture of unilateral and bilateral observations. Under Donner's constant correlation model, we develop three likelihood-based…
Statistical methods are frequently built upon assumptions that limit their applicability to certain problems and conditions. Failure to recognize these limitations can lead to conclusions that may be inaccurate or biased. An example of such…
A test of the null hypothesis that a hazard rate is monotone nondecreasing, versus the alternative that it is not, is proposed. Both the test statistic and the means of calibrating it are new. Unlike previous approaches, neither is based on…
Power-law probability distributions arise often in the social and natural sciences. Statistics have been developed for estimating the exponent parameter as well as gauging goodness-of-fit to a power law. Yet paradoxically, many famous power…
A central goal in experimental high energy physics is to detect new physics signals that are not explained by known physics. In this paper, we aim to search for new signals that appear as deviations from known Standard Model physics in…
Truncated data plays an important role in the statistical analysis of astronomical observations as well as in survival analysis. The motivating example for this paper concerns a set of measurements on quasars in which there is double…
It is often necessary to compare the power spectra of two or more time series: one may, for instance, wish to estimate what the power spectrum of the combined data sets might have been, or one may wish to estimate the significance of a…
We describe a statistical hypothesis test for the presence of a signal. The test allows the researcher to fix the signal location and/or width a priori, or perform a search to find the signal region that maximizes the signal. The background…
Hypothesis testing in high dimensional data is a notoriously difficult problem without direct access to competing models' likelihood functions. This paper argues that statistical divergences can be used to quantify the difference between…
This paper introduces a statistical test inferring whether a variable allows separating two classes by means of a single critical value. Its test statistic is the prediction error of a nonparametric threshold classifier. While this approach…
This paper provides tests for detecting sample selection in nonparametric conditional quantile functions. The first test is an omitted predictor test with the propensity score as the omitted variable. As with any omnibus test, in the case…
A common disadvantage in existing distribution-free two-sample testing approaches is that the computational complexity could be high. Specifically, if the sample size is $N$, the computational complexity of those two-sample tests is at…
We develop a method for estimating the shear power spectra from weak lensing observations and test it on simulated data. Our method describes the shear field in terms of angular power spectra and cross correlation of the two shear modes…
The stochastic block model is a popular tool for detecting community structures in network data. Detecting the difference between two community structures is an important issue for stochastic block models. However, the two-sample test has…
Statistical modeling is often used to measure the strength of evidence for or against hypotheses on given data. We have previously proposed an information-dynamic framework in support of a properly calibrated measurement scale for…
Two-sample tests for multivariate data and especially for non-Euclidean data are not well explored. This paper presents a novel test statistic based on a similarity graph constructed on the pooled observations from the two samples. It can…