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We propose a two-sample testing procedure based on learned deep neural network representations. To this end, we define two test statistics that perform an asymptotic location test on data samples mapped onto a hidden layer. The tests are…
We report our efforts to constrain the form of the low-mass star and brown dwarf mass function via Bayesian inference. Recent surveys of M, L, and T dwarfs in the local solar neighborhood are an essential component of our study.…
We theoretically analyze the problem of testing for $p$-hacking based on distributions of $p$-values across multiple studies. We provide general results for when such distributions have testable restrictions (are non-increasing) under the…
An unbinned statistical test on cluster-like deviations from Poisson processes for point process data is introduced, presented in the context of time variability analysis of astrophysical sources in count rate experiments. The measure of…
We consider the hypothesis testing problem of detecting a shift between the means of two multivariate normal distributions in the high-dimensional setting, allowing for the data dimension p to exceed the sample size n. Specifically, we…
Non-gaussianity represents the statistical signature of physical processes such as turbulence. It can also be used as a powerful tool to discriminate between competing cosmological scenarios. A canonical analysis of non-gaussianity is based…
This paper contains two finite-sample results concerning the sign test. First, we show that the sign-test is unbiased with independent, non-identically distributed data for both one-sided and two-sided hypotheses. The proof for the…
We describe likelihood-based statistical tests for use in high energy physics for the discovery of new phenomena and for construction of confidence intervals on model parameters. We focus on the properties of the test procedures that allow…
For testing the statistical significance of a treatment effect, we usually compare between two parts of a population, one is exposed to the treatment, and the other is not exposed to it. Standard parametric and nonparametric two-sample…
Testing to see whether a given data set comes from some specified distribution is among the oldest types of problems in Statistics. Many such tests have been developed and their performance studied. The general result has been that while a…
We describe a test statistic for unbinned goodness-of-fit of data in one dimension. The statistic is based on the two-dimensional Random Walk. The rejection power of this test is explored both for simple and compound hypotheses and, for the…
In high-energy physics (HEP), both the exclusion and discovery of new theories depend not only on the acquisition of high-quality experimental data but also on the rigorous application of statistical methods. These methods provide…
This paper considers the problem of testing whether there exists a solution satisfying certain non-negativity constraints to a linear system of equations. Importantly and in contrast to some prior work, we allow all parameters in the system…
A new family of nonparametric statistics, the r-statistics, is introduced. It consists of counting the number of records of the cumulative sum of the sample. The single-sample r-statistic is almost as powerful as Student's t-statistic for…
The standard model characterizing the gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectrum invokes a four-parameter empirical function, the so-called the BAND model. An alternative model named cutoff power law (COMP) implements a power law with an exponential…
A variety of statistics based on sample spacings has been studied in the literature for testing goodness-of-fit to parametric distributions. To test the goodness-of-fit to a nonparametric class of univariate shape-constrained densities,…
Evidence implies that basic laws of thermodynamics must be tested by experiments. In this paper, an experiment is designed to measure the entropy of a system with at least one known (measurable) equation of state, especially the gas…
We study the spectral and wavefunction properties of a one-dimensional incommensurate system with p-wave pairing and unveil that the system demonstrates a series of particular properties in its ciritical region. By studying the spectral…
Power laws pervade statistical physics and complex systems, but, traditionally, researchers in these fields have paid little attention to properly fit these distributions. Who has not seen (or even shown) a log-log plot of a completely…
Testing independence is of significant interest in many important areas of large-scale inference. Using extreme-value form statistics to test against sparse alternatives and using quadratic form statistics to test against dense alternatives…