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The quantum Hall (QH) effect in two-dimensional (2D) electrons and holes in high quality graphene samples is studied in strong magnetic fields up to 45 T. QH plateaus at filling factors $\nu=0,\pm 1,\pm 4$ are discovered at magnetic fields…
The localization behavior of noninteracting two-dimensional electrons in a random potential and strong magnetic field is of fundamental interest for the physics of the quantum Hall effect. In order to understand the emergence of power-law…
The quantum Hall conductance of a disordered two-dimensional gas of non-interacting electrons is re-examined for its integrity against disorder in the limit of no mixing between different Landau levels. The exact one-electron eigenstates of…
The scaling theory of the transitions between plateaus of the Hall conductivity in the integer Quantum Hall effect is reviewed. In the model of two-dimensional noninteracting electrons in strong magnetic fields the transitions are…
We investigate, analytically and numerically, the effects of disorder on the density of states and on the localization properties of the relativistic two dimensional fermions in the lowest Landau level. Employing a supersymmetric technique,…
The spectrum of charged particles in translation-invariant systems in a magnetic field is characterized by the Landau levels, which play a fundamental role in the thermodynamic and transport properties of solids. The topological nature and…
We study the localization properties in the transition from a two-dimensional electron gas at zero magnetic field into an integer quantum Hall (QH) liquid. By carrying out a direct calculation of the localization length for a finite size…
We report experimental studies of disorder-induced transitions between quantum-Hall, metallic, and insulating states in a very dilute two-dimensional electron system in silicon at a magnetic field corresponding to Landau level filling…
We calculate the local density of states of a two-dimensional electron system under strong crossed magnetic and electric fields. We assume a strong perpendicular magnetic field which, in the absence of in-plane electric fields and collision…
We study the Landau level localization and scaling properties of a disordered two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of a strong external magnetic field. The impurities are treated as random distributed scattering centers with…
We study the effects of disorder on the quantum Hall stripe phases in half-filled high Landau levels using exact numerical diagonalization. We show that, in the presence of weak disorder, a compressible, striped charge density wave, becomes…
We study two dimensional electron systems confined in wide quantum wells whose subband separation is comparable with the Zeeman energy. Two N = 0 Landau levels from different subbands and with opposite spins are pinned in energy when they…
Quantum transport properties in quantum Hall wires in the presence of spatially correlated disordered magnetic fields are investigated numerically. It is found that the correlation drastically changes the transport properties associated…
We show through both theoretical arguments and numerical calculations that graphene discerns an unconventional sequence of quantized Hall conductivity, when subject to both magnetic fields (B) and strain. The latter produces time-reversal…
When charge transport occurs under conditions like topological protection or ballistic motion, the conductance of low-dimensional systems often exhibits quantized values in units of $e^{2}/h$, where $e$ and $h$ are the elementary charge and…
The effect of inter-Landau-band mixing on electron localization in an integer quantum Hall system is studied. We find that mixing of localized states with {\it opposite chirality} tends to delocalize the states. This delocalization effect…
We study dynamics of electrons in a magnetic field using a network model with two channels per link with random mixing in a random intrachannel potential; the channels represent either two Landau levels or two spin states. We consider…
To fully appreciate the impacts that the discovery of the quantum Hall effect had on electrical metrology, it may benefit the reader to cultivate a general understanding of the phenomenon. Two-dimensional electron systems can exhibit many…
We study the behavior of the extended states of a two-dimensional electron system in silicon in a magnetic field, B. Our results show that the extended states, corresponding to the centers of different Landau levels, merge with the lowest…
An effective Hamiltonian approach is used to study the effect of Landau-level mixing on the energy spectrum of electrons in a smooth but random magnetic field B(r) with a finite uniform component B_0. It is found that, as opposed to…