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We use machine learning to provide a tractable measure of the amount of predictable variation in the data that a theory captures, which we call its "completeness." We apply this measure to three problems: assigning certain equivalents to…
We indicate a way of distinguishing between structures, for which, two structures are said to be separable.Being separable implies being non-isomorphic. We show that for any first order theory $T$ in a countable language, if it has an…
This document develops general concepts useful for extracting knowledge embedded in large graphs or datasets that have pair-wise relationships, such as cause-effect-type relations. Almost no underlying assumptions are made, other than that…
We describe the ind- and pro- categories of the category of definable sets, in some first order theory, in terms of points in a sufficiently saturated model.
In this paper, we propose an abstract definition of dependent type theories as essentially algebraic theories. One of the main advantages of this definition is its composability: simple theories can be combined into more complex ones, and…
Let X be an affine real algebraic set . We investigate on the theory of algebraically constructible functions on X and the description of the semi-algebraic subsets of X when we replace the polynomial functions on X by some rational…
A detailed and rigorous analysis of G\"odel's proof of his first incompleteness theorem is presented. The purpose of this analysis is two-fold. The first is to reveal what G\"odel actually proved to provide a clear and solid foundation upon…
We introduce the notion of saturated sets of primes of an algebraic number field and prove an analogue of Riemann's existence theorem for the decomposition groups of infinite stably saturated sets of primes.
This thesis studies arithmetic of linear algebraic groups. It involves studying the properties of linear algebraic groups defined over global fields, local fields and finite fields, or more generally the study of the linear algebraic groups…
This document aims to give a self-contained account of the parts of abelian group theory that are most relevant for algebraic topology. It is almost purely expository, although there are some slightly unusual features in the treatment of…
For the first time, we have introduced the concept of N-groups, N-semigroups, N-loops, and N-groupoids. We also define a mixed N-algebraic structure. The main aim of this book is to attract young mathematicians to this interesting field. It…
A set of meet-irreducible ideals is described for a class of maximal triangular almost finite algebras. This set forms a topological space under the hull-kernel closure, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between closed sets in this…
We prove that all Set-based triposes are implicative triposes.
Knowledge representation is a popular research field in IT. As mathematical knowledge is most formalized, its representation is important and interesting. Mathematical knowledge consists of various mathematical theories. In this paper we…
We firstly introduce some key concepts in category theory, such as quotient category, completion of limits, $\mathrm{Mor}$ category, and so on; then give the concept of topology algebras and sheaves, and discuss how to restore the structue…
The unification problem in algebras capable of describing sets has been tackled, directly or indirectly, by many researchers and it finds important applications in various research areas--e.g., deductive databases, theorem proving, static…
We describe a graph-theoretic syntax for self-referential formulas as well as a four-valued logic to include contradictory and independent formulas. We then explore the degree to which generalized truth tables can be realized in our theory,…
The first part of this article deals with theorems on uniqueness in law for \sigma-finite and constructive countable random sets, which in contrast to the usual assumptions may have points of accumulation. We discuss and compare two…
We develop a theory of residues for arithmetic surfaces, establish the reciprocity law around a point, and use the residue maps to explicitly construct the dualizing sheaf of the surface. These are generalisations of known results for…
In this book, the authors define the new notion of set vector spaces which is the most generalized form of vector spaces. Set vector spaces make use of the least number of algebraic operations, therefore, even a non-mathematician is…