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This is the first of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds using the minimal model program. The main results are outlined in Part II. The present part I. contains the necessary preliminary work concerning terminal…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2007-05-23 János Kollár

This survey article has two components. The first part gives a gentle introduction to Serre's notion of $G$-complete reducibility, where $G$ is a connected reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field. The second…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Alastair J. Litterick , David I. Stewart , Adam R. Thomas

In a recent work we have shown how to construct an information algebra of coherent sets of gambles defined on general possibility spaces. Here we analyze the connection of such an algebra with the set algebra of subsets of the possibility…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Juerg Kohlas , Arianna Casanova , Marco Zaffalon

This is a non-standard paper, containing some problems in set theory I have in various degrees been interested in. Sometimes with a discussion on what I have to say; sometimes, of what makes them interesting to me, sometimes the problems…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Saharon Shelah

A formalisation of G\"odel's incompleteness theorems using the Isabelle proof assistant is described. This is apparently the first mechanical verification of the second incompleteness theorem. The work closely follows {\'S}wierczkowski…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-04-30 Lawrence C. Paulson

A new algebraic treatment of dependent type theory is proposed using ideas derived from topos theory and algebraic set theory.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Steve Awodey

Using recent results in topos theory, two systems of higher-order logic are shown to be complete with respect to sheaf models over topological spaces---so-called ``topological semantics''. The first is classical higher-order logic, with…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-03-31 Steve Awodey , Carsten Butz

The authors in this book introduce the notion of special set linear algebra and special set fuzzy Linear algebra, which is an extension of the notion set linear algebra and set fuzzy linear algebra. These concepts are best suited in the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-12-31 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Ilanthenral

The purpose of this note is to record a connection between sheaves on complete Boolean algebras and conditional sets. This connection yields a transfer principle for conditional set theory. On the other hand we use conditional set theory to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Asgar Jamneshan

This is a replacement paper. There are 6 chapters. The first two chapters are introductory. The third chapter is on extremal graph theory. The fourth chapter is about algebra in graph theory. The fifth chapter is focused on algorithms. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Jesse D. Gilbert

An introduction to the applications of algebraic surgery to the structure theory of high-dimensional topological manifolds.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrew Ranicki

The point of view of these notes on the topic is to bring out the flavour that Representation Theory is an extension of the first course on Group Theory. We also emphasize the importance of the base field. These notes cover completely the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Anupam Singh

There is an interplay between models, specified by variables and equations, and their connections to one another. This dichotomy should be reflected in the abstract as well. Without referring to the models directly -- only that a model…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2016-11-04 Michael Robinson

In the authors book, Associative Algebraic Geometry, 2023, and the following article Shemes of Associative Algebras,\\ https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.17703,2024, we use an algebraization of the semi-local formal moduli of simple…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Arvid Siqveland

Compact sets in constructive mathematics capture our intuition of what computable subsets of the plane (or any other complete metric space) ought to be. A good representation of compact sets provides an efficient means of creating and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-08-04 Russell O'Connor

This book is organized into seven chapters. Chapter one is introductory in content. The notion of neutrosophic set linear algebras and neutrosophic neutrosophic set linear algebras are introduced and their properties analysed in chapter…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-03-10 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , K. Ilanthenral

This book deals with the theory of generalized algebraic transformations, which is elaborated with the aim to provide a relatively simple theoretical tool that enables an exact treatment of diverse more complex lattice-statistical models.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-08-13 Jozef Strecka

The aim of this paper is to give natural examples of $\mathbf{\Sigma}_1^1$-complete and $\mathbf{\Pi}_1^1$-complete sets. In the first part, we consider ideals on $\omega$. In particular, we show that the Hindman ideal $\mathcal{H}$ is…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Łukasz Mazurkiewicz , Szymon Żeberski

We give an analysis and generalizations of some long-established constructive completeness results in terms of categorical logic and pre-sheaf and sheaf semantics. The purpose is in no small part conceptual and organizational: from a few…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-09-19 Henrik Forssell , Christian Espíndola

We develop a theory of perfect algebraic spaces that extend the so-called perfect schemes to the setting of algebraic spaces. We prove several desired properties of perfect algebraic spaces. This extends some previous results of perfect…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-05-10 Tianwei Liang