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Much effort has gone into understanding the modular nature of complex networks. Communities, also known as clusters or modules, are typically considered to be densely interconnected groups of nodes that are only sparsely connected to other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-06-26 James P. Bagrow

The study of community structure has been a hot topic of research over the last years. But, while successfully applied in several areas, the concept lacks of a general and precise notion. Facts like the hierarchical structure and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-05 Mariano G. Beiró , Jorge R. Busch , Sebastian P. Grynberg , J. Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin

Community detection based on modularity maximization is one of the most widely used approaches for uncovering mesoscale structures in complex networks. However, it is well known that the modularity function exhibits a highly degenerate…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-26 Francesca Grassetti , Rossana Mastrandrea

The virtualization and softwarization of modern computer networks introduces interesting new opportunities for a more flexible placement of network functions and middleboxes (firewalls, proxies, traffic optimizers, virtual switches, etc.).…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Tamas Lukovszki , Matthias Rost , Stefan Schmid

Most community detection algorithms from the literature work as optimization tools that minimize a given \textit{fitness function}, while assuming that each node belongs to a single community. Since there is no hard concept of what a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-06-11 Fabricio Olivetti de Franca , Guilherme Palermo Coelho

Subset selection tasks, arise in recommendation systems and search engines and ask to select a subset of items that maximize the value for the user. The values of subsets often display diminishing returns, and hence, submodular functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Anay Mehrotra , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

The persistence probability is a statistical index that has been proposed to detect one or more communities embedded in a network. Even though its definition is straightforward, e.g, the probability that a random walker remains in a group…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-08 Alessandro Avellone , Stefano Benati , Rosanna Grassi , Giorgio Rizzini

Scaling model capacity has been vital in the success of deep learning. For a typical network, necessary compute resources and training time grow dramatically with model size. Conditional computation is a promising way to increase the number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Louis Kirsch , Julius Kunze , David Barber

The issue of network community detection has been extensively studied across many fields. Most community detection methods assume that nodes belong to only one community. However, in many cases, nodes can belong to multiple communities…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Do Duy Hieu , Phan Thi Ha Duong

Complex systems are usually illustrated by networks which captures the topology of the interactions between the entities. To better understand the roles played by the entities in the system one needs to uncover the underlying community…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Han Zhang , Chang-Dong Wang , Jian-Huang Lai , Philip S. Yu

Two natural and widely used representations for the community structure of networks are clusterings, which partition the vertex set into disjoint subsets, and layouts, which assign the vertices to positions in a metric space. This paper…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-02-06 Andreas Noack

Detecting communities in large-scale networks is a challenging task when each vertex may belong to multiple communities, as is often the case in social networks. The multiple memberships of vertices and thus the strong overlaps among…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Elvis H. W. Xu , P. M. Hui

The identification of community structure in a social network is an important problem tackled in the literature of network analysis. There are many solutions to this problem using a static scenario, when facing a dynamic scenario some…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Aurélio Ribeiro Costa

Community structure is largely regarded as an intrinsic property of complex real-world networks. However, recent studies reveal that networks comprise even more sophisticated modules than classical cohesive communities. More precisely,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-10-13 Lovro Šubelj , Marko Bajec

Most existing approaches for community detection require complete information of the graph in a specific scale, which is impractical for many social networks. We propose a novel algorithm that does not embrace the universal approach but…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-30 Hui-Jia Li , Junhua Zhang , Zhi-Ping Liu , Luonan Chen , Xiang-Sun Zhang

A network has a non-overlapping community structure if the nodes of the network can be partitioned into disjoint sets such that each node in a set is densely connected to other nodes inside the set and sparsely connected to the nodes out-…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Talasila Sai Deepak , Hindol Adhya , Shyamal Kejriwal , Bhanuteja Gullapalli , Saswata Shannigrahi

Probabilistic verification problems of neural networks are concerned with formally analysing the output distribution of a neural network under a probability distribution of the inputs. Examples of probabilistic verification problems include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 David Boetius , Stefan Leue , Tobias Sutter

Optimization networks are a new methodology for holistically solving interrelated problems that have been developed with combinatorial optimization problems in mind. In this contribution we revisit the core principles of optimization…

Current community detection algorithms operate by optimizing a statistic called modularity, which analyzes the distribution of positively weighted edges in a network. Modularity does not account for negatively weighted edges. This paper…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-01-23 Todd D. Kaplan , Stephanie Forrest

How can we accurately compare different community detection algorithms? These algorithms cluster nodes in a given network, and their performance is often validated on benchmark networks with explicit ground-truth communities. Given the lack…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Justin Fagnan , Afra Abnar , Reihaneh Rabbany , Osmar R. Zaiane