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The aim of the presented work is to analyze the impact of experimentally evaluated reactions of hydrogen abstraction on surfaces of interstellar grains on the chemical evolution of methanol and its precursors on grains and in the gas phase…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-24 V. A. Sokolova

Gas-grain and gas-phase reactions dominate the formation of molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM). Gas-grain reactions require a substrate (e.g. a dust or ice grain) on which the reaction is able to occur. The formation of molecular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-11-09 John L. Dupuy , Steven P. Lewis , P. C. Stancil

In spite of accounting for only a small fraction of the mass of the Interstellar Medium (ISM), dust plays a primary role in many physical and chemical processes in the Universe. It is the main driver of extinction of radiation in the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-12 G. La Mura , G. Mulas , M. A. Iatì , C. Cecchi-Pestellini , S. Rezaei , R. Saija

There is accumulating evidence for the presence of complex molecules, including carbon-bearing and organic molecules, in the interstellar medium. Much of this evidence comes to us from studies of chemical composition, photo- and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-21 David W. Marshall , H. R. Sadeghpour

We study the evolution of molecular hydrogen on the grain surfaces and in the gas phase using both the rate equation (which tracks the average number of molecules) and the master equation (which tracks the expectation values of molecules).…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. Acharyya , Sandip K. Chakrabarti , S. Chakrabarti

The methodology for modeling grain-surface chemistry has been greatly improved by taking into account the grain size and fluctuation effects. However, the reaction rate coefficients currently used in all practical models of gas-grain…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-20 Ingo Lohmar , Joachim Krug , Ofer Biham

Experimental results on the formation of molecular hydrogen on amorphous silicate surfaces are presented for the first time and analyzed using a rate equation model. The energy barriers for the relevant diffusion and desorption processes…

Molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) plays a critical role in astrophysical processes from galaxy evolution to the formation of planets. While the dominant formation channel in the interstellar medium is considered as dust-catalyzed H$_2$ formation,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-17 Xiaolong Yang , Lile Wang , Di Li , Shenzhen Xu

There is a close relation between the problems of second layer nucleation in epitaxial crystal growth and chemical surface reactions, such as hydrogen recombination, on interstellar dust grains. In both cases standard rate equation analysis…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Joachim Krug

In the study of grain-surface chemistry in the interstellar medium, there exists much uncertainty regarding the reaction mechanisms with few constraints on the abundances of grain-surface molecules. Bayesian inference can be performed to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-07 Johannes Heyl , Serena Viti , Jonathan Holdship , Stephen M. Feeney

The development of molecular complexity during stellar and planetary formation owes much to the interaction of gas and dust. When the first astrochemical models including solid-state chemistry were developed more than forty years ago, data…

Although still poorly understood, the chemistry that occurs on the surfaces of interstellar dust particles profoundly affects the growth of molecules in the interstellar medium. An important set of surface reactions produces icy mantles of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. M. Cuppen , Eric Herbst

Dust grains play a major role in many astrophysical contexts. They affect the chemical, magnetic, dynamical, and optical properties of their environment, from galaxies down to the interstellar medium, star-forming regions, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-18 Pierre Marchand , Vincent Guillet , Ugo Lebreuilly , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

There exists much uncertainty surrounding interstellar grain-surface chemistry. One of the major reaction mechanisms is grain-surface diffusion for which the the binding energy parameter for each species needs to be known. However, these…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-01 Johannes Heyl , Jonathan Holdship , Serena Viti

We describe a phenomenological model for molecular hydrogen formation suited for applications in galaxy formation simulations, which includes on-equilibrium formation of molecular hydrogen on dust and approximate treatment of both its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-28 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Konstantinos Tassis , Andrey V. Kravtsov

Theoretical studies have revealed that dust grains are usually moving fast through the turbulent interstellar gas, which could have significant effects upon interstellar chemistry by modifying grain accretion. This effect is investigated in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-09 J. X. Ge , J. H. He , H. R. Yan

Reactive chemistry of molecular hydrogen at surfaces, notably dissociative sticking and hydrogen evolution, plays a crucial role in energy storage and fuel cells. Theoretical studies can help to decipher underlying mechanisms and reaction…

We present and test chemical models for three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies. We explore the effect of changing key parameters such as metallicity, radiation and non-equilibrium versus equilibrium metal cooling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-05-04 Stefano Bovino , Tommaso Grassi , Pedro R. Capelo , Dominik R. G. Schleicher , R. Banerjee

We present high resolution ($1024^3$) simulations of super-/hyper-sonic isothermal hydrodynamic turbulence inside an interstellar molecular cloud (resolving scales of typically 20 -- 100 AU), including a multi-disperse population of dust…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-19 Lars Mattsson , Akshay Bhatnagar , Fred A. Gent , Beatriz Villarroel

We study the formation of water and methanol in the dense cloud conditions to find the dependence of its production rate on the binding energies, reaction mechanisms, temperatures, and grain site number. We wish to find the effective grain…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ankan Das , Kinsuk Acharyya , Sonali Chakrabarti , Sandip Kumar Chakrabarti