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In this paper, we propose a quantum computing oriented benchmark for combinatorial optimization. This benchmark, coined as QOPTLib, is composed of 40 instances equally distributed over four well-known problems: Traveling Salesman Problem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-25 Eneko Osaba , Esther Villar-Rodriguez

The NP-hard graphical traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is to find a closed walk of total minimum weight that visits each vertex in an undirected edge-weighted and not necessarily complete graph. We present a problem kernel with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-12 René van Bevern , Daniel A. Skachkov

TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem), a classic NP-complete problem in combinatorial optimization, is of great significance in multiple fields. Exact algorithms for TSP are not practical due to their exponential time cost. Thus, approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Yang Li , Junbin Gao , Mingyuan Bai , Chengjun Li , Gang Liu

We present a new approximation algorithm for the (metric) prize-collecting traveling salesperson problem (PCTSP). In PCTSP, opposed to the classical traveling salesperson problem (TSP), one may not include a vertex of the input graph in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Jannis Blauth , Martin Nägele

We give improved approximations for two metric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) variants. In Ordered TSP (OTSP) we are given a linear ordering on a subset of nodes $o_1, \ldots, o_k$. The TSP solution must have that $o_{i+1}$ is visited at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Martin Böhm , Zachary Friggstad , Tobias Mömke , Joachim Spoerhase

The Traveling Salesman Problem (often called TSP) is a classic algorithmic problem in the field of computer science and operations research. It is an NP-Hard problem focused on optimization. TSP has several applications even in its purest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Amey Gohil , Manan Tayal , Tezan Sahu , Vyankatesh Sawalpurkar

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) of space trajectory design is complicated by its complex structure design space. The graph based tree search and stochastic seeding combinatorial approaches are commonly employed to tackle the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Liqiang Hou , Shufan Wu , Zhongcheng Mu , Meilin Liu

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a prototypical combinatorial optimization problem, but its quantum implementation is limited by the O(n^2)-qubit overhead of standard one-hot encodings. Here, we propose a resource-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yuefeng Lin , Chao Zheng , Cong Guo

In this pedagogical work we reviewed the mathematical formalism and the physical interpretation, based on statistical mechanics, of the meta-heuristics called simulated annealing. Moreover, we presented the mathematical formulation of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-09 Paulo J. P. de Souza

Quantum computing is offering a novel perspective for solving combinatorial optimization problems. To fully explore the possibilities offered by quantum computers, the problems need to be formulated as unconstrained binary models, taking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Özlem Salehi , Adam Glos , Jarosław Adam Miszczak

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP), a quintessential NP-hard combinatorial optimisation challenge, is vital for logistics and network design but limited by exponential complexity in large instances. We propose a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Christos Lytrosyngounis , Ioannis Lytrosyngounis

In this paper, we investigate the integrality gap of the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP) with respect to the linear relaxation given by the Asymmetric Subtour Elimination Problem (ASEP) for instances with $n$ nodes, where $n$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Eleonora Vercesi , Janos Barta , Luca Maria Gambardella , Stefano Gualandi , Monaldo Mastrolilli

In many real-world routing problems, decision makers must optimise over sparse graphs such as transportation networks with non-metric costs on the edges that do not obey the triangle inequality. Motivated by finding a sufficiently long…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Patrick O'Hara , M. S. Ramanujan , Theodoros Damoulas

The Traveling Salesman Problem is one of the most studied problems in computational complexity and its approximability has been a long standing open question. Currently, the best known inapproximability threshold known is 220/219 due to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-06-13 Michael Lampis

In this work we compare several new computational approaches to an inventory routing problem, in which a single product is shipped from a warehouse to retailers via an uncapacitated vehicle. We survey exact algorithms for the Traveling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Yasemin Malli , Marco Laumanns , Roberto Rossi , Steven Prestwich , S. Armagan Tarim

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical combinatorial optimisation problem. Deep learning has been successfully extended to meta-learning, where previous solving efforts assist in learning how to optimise future optimisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , A. K. Qin , Tabinda Sarwar

In order to deal with the high development time of exact and approximation algorithms for NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems and the high running time of exact solvers, deep learning techniques have been used in recent years as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 James Fitzpatrick , Deepak Ajwani , Paula Carroll

Routing problems are optimization problems that consider a set of goals in a graph to be visited by a vehicle (or a fleet of them) in an optimal way, while numerous constraints have to be satisfied. We present a solution based on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Miroslav Kulich , Roman Sushkov , Libor Přeučil

If one places N cities randomly on a lattice of size L, we find that the normalized optimal travel distances per city in the Euclidean and Manhattan metrics vary monotonically with the city concentration p. We have studied such optimal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Anirban Chakraborti , Bikas K. Chakrabarti

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is a fundamental NP-hard optimisation challenge with widespread applications in logistics, operations research, and network design. While classical algorithms effectively solve small to medium-sized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Christos Lytrosyngounis , Ioannis Lytrosyngounis