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Dynamics of central collisions of heavy nuclei in the energy range from few tens of MeV/nucleon to a couple of GeV/nucleon is discussed. As the beam energy increases and/or the impact parameter decreases, the maximum compression increases.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 P. Danielewicz

In this paper we conduct a systematic study of the granularity of the initial state of hot and dense QCD matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and its influence on bulk observables like particle yields, $m_T$ spectra…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-03-18 Hannah Petersen , Christopher Coleman-Smith , Steffen A. Bass , Robert Wolpert

We present algorithms to solve relativistic hydrodynamics in 3+1--dimensional situations without apparent symmetry to simplify the solution. In simulations of heavy--ion collisions, these numerical schemes have to deal with the physical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Dirk H. Rischke , Stefan Bernard , Joachim A. Maruhn

With the attempts of extending the hydrodynamic framework of heavy-ion collision to proton-proton and other small and low energy systems, we are confronted with the question of how small the system can get and still be safely modelled as a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-12-02 Nikhil Hatwar , Madhukar Mishra

We present a Bayesian holographic model constructed by integrating the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility at zero chemical potential from lattice QCD. The model incorporates error estimates derived from lattice data. With…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-01 Liqiang Zhu , Xun Chen , Kai Zhou , Hanzhong Zhang , Mei Huang

We analyze the evolution of hydrodynamic fluctuations in a heavy ion collision as the system passes close to the QCD critical point. We introduce two small dimensionless parameters $\lambda$ and $\Delta_s$ to characterize the evolution.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-10-09 Yukinao Akamatsu , Derek Teaney , Fanglida Yan , Yi Yin

Analytical solution of one dimensional hydrodynamical model is derived, where phase transition from the QGP state to the hadronic state is effectively taken into account. The single particle rapidity distribution of charged $\pi$ mesons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-12-14 Naomichi Suzuki

We present a realistic expanding source model with nine parameters that are necessary and sufficient to describe the main physics occuring during hydrodynamical freezeout of the excited hadronic matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Scott Chapman , J. Rayford Nix

We apply the hydrodynamic model for the dynamics of matter created in p-Pb collisions at 4.4TeV and d-Pb collisions at 3.11TeV. The fluctuating initial conditions are calculated in the Glauber Monte-Carlo model for several centrality…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-02-01 Piotr Bozek

A recently developed framework of highly-anisotropic and strongly-dissipative hydrodynamics -- ADHYDRO -- has been introduced and used to analyze the space-time evolution of matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-07-04 Radoslaw Ryblewski

Many hybrid models of heavy ion collisions construct the initial state for hydrodynamics from transport models. Hydrodynamics requires that the energy-momentum tensor $T^{\mu\nu}$ and four-currents $j^{\mu}$ do not deviate considerably from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-03-23 Dmytro Oliinychenko , Hannah Petersen

A quasi-particle model is employed to derive from available lattice QCD calculations an equation of state useable in hydrodynamical simulations of the expansion stage of strongly interacting matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-04-14 B. Kampfer , M. Bluhm , H. Schade , R. Schulze , D. Seipt

A further development of the evolutionary picture of A+A collisions, which we call the integrated HydroKinetic Model (iHKM), is proposed. The model comprises a generator of the initial state GLISSANDO, pre-thermal dynamics of A+A collisions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-02-08 V. Yu. Naboka , Iu. A. Karpenko , Yu. M. Sinyukov

The initial conditions of one-dimensional expanding viscous fluids in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are scrutinized in terms of nonlinear causality of the relativistic hydrodynamic equations. Conventionally, it is believed that the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-03 Tau Hoshino , Tetsufumi Hirano

In a boost-invariant hydrodynamic model, we have analyzed $\phi$ meson production in Pb+Pb and Au+Au collisions, in the centre of mass energy range $\sqrt{s}$= 6-200 GeV. Hydrodynamic evolution is governed by a lattice based equation of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-01-13 Victor Roy , A. K. Chaudhuri

One of the long-standing problems in the field of high-energy heavy-ion collisions is that the dynamical models based on viscous hydrodynamics fail to describe the experimental elliptic flow $v_2$ and the triangular flow $v_3$…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-31 Kenshi Kuroki , Azumi Sakai , Koichi Murase , Tetsufumi Hirano

In this study we examine the impact of the initial stage and dynamical evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions. For this goal we develop a novel approach, EPOSir+PHSDe, which employs EPOS initial conditions as the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-09 Mahbobeh Jafarpour , Vadym Voronyuk , Klaus Werner , Elena Bratkovskaya , Damien Vintache

A non-extensive (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic model for multi-particle production processes, NEX-CLVisc, is developed in the framework of CLVisc where the viscous corrections are turned off. It assumes that the non-extensive effects…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-10 Jia-Hao Shi , Zhi-Ying Qin , Jin-Peng Zhang , Jian Cao , Ze-Fang Jiang , Wen-Chao Zhang , Hua Zheng

The formation and collective expansion of the fireball formed in ultrarelativistic p-A and d-A collisions is discussed. Predictions of the hydrodynamic model are compared to recent experimental results. The presence of strong final state…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-06-13 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

Heavy-ion collisions are well described by a dynamical evolution with a long hydrodynamical phase. In this phase the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma are reflected in the equation of state (EoS) and the transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-12-06 A. Dubla , S. Masciocchi , J. M. Pawlowski , B. Schenke , C. Shen , J. Stachel