English
Related papers

Related papers: Null Energy Condition and Dark Energy Models

200 papers

The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) is a new local energy condition that a general Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is believed to satisfy, relating the classical null energy condition (NEC) to the second functional derivative of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-04 Christian Ecker , Daniel Grumiller , Wilke van der Schee , Philipp Stanzer

Inflation and dark energy (DE), both featuring accelerated expansion, are crucial components of modern cosmology. As indicated by singularity theorems, null energy condition (NEC) violation is essential for resolving the initial singularity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-08 Gen Ye , Yong Cai

We investigate a specific emergent dark energy scenario, known as critically emergent dark energy (CEDE), in which dark energy is effectively absent in the early Universe and becomes dynamically relevant only after a critical cosmic epoch…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-16 Mahdi Najafi , Mahdi Habibollahi , Masoume Reyhani , Eleonora Di Valentino , Supriya Pan , Javad T. Firouzjaee , Weiqiang Yang

Recent data and new data analysis methods show that most probably the parameter $w$ in the equation of state of the dark energy is smaller than -1 at low redshifts. We briefly review some of the models with such a property and without…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Houri Ziaeepour

We show that violation of the null energy condition implies instability in a broad class of models, including classical gauge theories with scalar and fermionic matter as well as any perfect fluid. When applied to the dark energy, our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Roman V. Buniy , Stephen D. H. Hsu

We review the Equation of State (EoS) approach to dark sector perturbations and apply it to $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity models of dark energy. We show that the EoS approach is numerically stable and use it to set observational constraints on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-18 Richard A. Battye , Boris Bolliet , Francesco Pace

Abandoning the perfect fluid hypothesis, we investigate here the possibility that the dark energy equation of state (EoS) $w$ is a nonlinear function of the energy density $\rho$. To this aim, we consider four different EoS describing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 V. F. Cardone , C. Tortora , A. Troisi , S. Capozziello

We explore the cosmological evolution of equation of state (EoS) for dark energy in g-essence models, the action of which is described by a function of both the canonical kinetic term of both the scalar and fermionic fields. We examine…

General Physics · Physics 2013-05-06 Kazuharu Bamba , Olga Razina , Koblandy Yerzhanov , Ratbay Myrzakulov

We present a consistent effective theory that violates the null energy condition (NEC) without developing any instabilities or other pathological features. The model is the ghost condensate with the global shift symmetry softly broken by a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Paolo Creminelli , Markus A. Luty , Alberto Nicolis , Leonardo Senatore

We present a model in which the equation of state parameter w approaches -1 near a particular value of z, and has significant negative values in a restricted range of z. For example, one can have w ~ -1 near z = 1, and w > -0.2 from z = 0…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-08-27 B. H. J. McKellar , T. Goldman , G. J. Stephenson, , P. M. Alsing

The influence of a possible non zero chemical potential $\mu$ on the nature of dark energy is investigated by assuming that the dark energy is a relativistic perfect simple fluid obeying the equation of state (EoS), $p=\omega \rho$ ($\omega…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. A. S. Lima , S. H. Pereira

The violation of the null energy condition (NEC) is essential for constructing nonsingular cosmological scenarios, such as Genesis cosmology, which avoids the initial singularity by initiating cosmic evolution from an asymptotically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-19 Dong-Hui Yu , Mian Zhu , Yong Cai

We explore the properties of dark energy models for which the equation-of-state, w, defined as the ratio of pressure to energy density, crosses the cosmological-constant boundary w = -1. We adopt an empirical approach, treating the dark…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Robert R. Caldwell , Michael Doran

We revisit a cosmological model where dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) follow barotropic equations of state, allowing deviations from the standard $\Lambda$CDM framework (i.e. $w_{dm} \neq 0$, $w_{de} \neq -1$), considering both flat…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-24 Dorian Araya , Cristian Castillo , Genly Leon , Juan Magaña , Angie Barr Domínguez , Miguel A. García-Aspeitia

In this paper, we combine the latest observational data, including the WMAP five-year data (WMAP5), BOOMERanG, CBI, VSA, ACBAR, as well as the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Type Ia Supernoave (SN) "Union" compilation (307 sample)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Jun-Qing Xia , Hong Li , Gong-Bo Zhao , Xinmin Zhang

The initial condition $\Omega_{\rm de}(z_{\rm ini})=n^2(1+z_{\rm ini})^{-2}/4$ at $z_{\rm ini}=2000$ widely used to solve the differential equation of the density of the new agegraphic dark energy (NADE) $\Omega_{\rm de}$, makes the NADE…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Yun-He Li , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

We extend previous work showing that violation of the null energy condition implies instability in a broad class of models, including gauge theories with scalar and fermionic matter as well as any perfect fluid. Simple examples are given to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Roman V. Buniy , Stephen D. H. Hsu , Brian M. Murray

In the framework of a single scalar field quintom model with higher derivative, we construct in this paper a dark energy model of which the equation of state (EOS) $w$ crosses over the cosmological constant boundary. Interestingly during…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-24 Xiao-fei Zhang , Taotao Qiu

Precision cosmological data hint that a dark energy with equation of state $w = P/\rho < -1$ and hence dubious stability is viable. Here we discuss for any $w$ nucleation from $\Lambda > 0$ to $\Lambda = 0$ in a first-order phase…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul H. Frampton

To explore whether there is new physics going beyond the standard cosmological model or not, we constrain seven cosmological models by combining the latest and largest Pantheon Type Ia supernovae sample with the data combination of baryonic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-13 Deng Wang