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We explore the application of a new theory of Semantic Information to the well-motivated problem of a resource foraging agent. Semantic information is defined as the subset of correlations, measured via the transfer entropy, between agent…

Active inference is a mathematical framework for understanding how agents (biological or artificial) interact with their environments, enabling continual adaptation and decision-making. It combines Bayesian inference and free energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rithvik Prakki

Human decision-making in real-life deviates significantly from the optimal decisions made by fully rational agents, primarily due to computational limitations or psychological biases. While existing studies in behavioral finance have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Penghang Liu , Kshama Dwarakanath , Svitlana S Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

Kinetic exchange models have been successful in explaining the shape of the income/wealth distribution in the economies. However, such models usually make some ad-hoc assumptions when it comes to determining the savings factor. Here, we…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2010-06-28 Anindya S. Chakrabarti

Understanding the evolution of human social systems requires flexible formalisms for the emergence of institutions. Although game theory is normally used to model interactions individually, larger spaces of games can be helpful for modeling…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-12 Seth Frey , Curtis Atkisson

Reinforcement learning algorithms can train agents that solve problems in complex, interesting environments. Normally, the complexity of the trained agent is closely related to the complexity of the environment. This suggests that a highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Trapit Bansal , Jakub Pachocki , Szymon Sidor , Ilya Sutskever , Igor Mordatch

People are often reluctant to sell a house, or shares of stock, below the price at which they originally bought it. While this is generally not consistent with rational utility maximization, it does reflect two strong empirical regularities…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Jon Kleinberg , Robert Kleinberg , Sigal Oren

We study how AI agents form expectations and trade in experimental asset markets. Using a simulated open-call auction populated by autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, we document three main findings. First, AI agents exhibit…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-21 Shumiao Ouyang , Pengfei Sui

While traditional game models often simplify interactions among agents as static, real-world social relationships are inherently dynamic, influenced by both immediate payoffs and alternative information. Motivated by this fact, we introduce…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Hongyu Yue , Xiaojin Xiong , Minyu Feng , Attila Szolnoki

AI agents are increasingly transacting on behalf of users -- delegating tasks, spending budgets, and negotiating with unfamiliar counterparties. Unlike human marketplaces, which operate under institutional designs refined over centuries,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xuan Liu , Haoyang Shang , Haojian Jin

In this paper we will analyse a group of agents and their attitude to follow, or not, some rules. The model is based on some quantum-like ideas, and in particular on an Hamiltonian operator $H$ describing the dynamics of the agents,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-07 Fabio Bagarello

The valuation process that economic agents undergo for investments with uncertain payoff typically depends on their statistical views on possible future outcomes, their attitudes toward risk, and, of course, the payoff structure itself.…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2010-01-11 Constantinos Kardaras

This paper considers dynamic moral hazard settings, in which the consequences of the agent's actions are not precisely understood. In a new continuous-time moral hazard model with drift ambiguity, the agent's unobservable action translates…

General Economics · Economics 2021-10-29 Martin Dumav

A multi-level model of opinion formation is presented which takes into account that attitudes on different issues are usually not independent. In the model, agents exchange beliefs regarding a series of facts. A cognitive structure of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-10-11 Sven Banisch , Eckehard Olbrich

An agent acquires a costly flexible signal before making a decision. We explore to what degree knowledge of the agent's information costs helps predict her behavior. We establish an impossibility result: learning costs alone generate no…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-04-05 Elliot Lipnowski , Doron Ravid

Human travelling behaviours are markedly regular, to a large extent, predictable, and mostly driven by biological necessities (\eg sleeping, eating) and social constructs (\eg school schedules, synchronisation of labour). Not surprisingly,…

In this paper, we study a transfer reinforcement learning problem where the state transitions and rewards are affected by the environmental context. Specifically, we consider a demonstrator agent that has access to a context-aware policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Yan Zhang , Michael M. Zavlanos

When we plan to use money as an incentive to change the behavior of a person (such as making riders to deliver more orders or making consumers to buy more items), the common approach of this problem is to adopt a two-stage framework in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Juhua Chen , Karson shi , Jialing He , North Chen , Kele Jiang

The challenge of developing powerful and general Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents has received increasing attention in recent years. Much of this effort has focused on the single-agent setting, in which an agent maximizes a predefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Peter Sunehag , Edward Hughes , Hongyuan Zha

The efficient exchange of information is an essential aspect of intelligent collective behavior. Event-triggered control and estimation achieve some efficiency by replacing continuous data exchange between agents with intermittent, or…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Friedrich Solowjow , Sebastian Trimpe