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Since the pioneering observations of Spite & Spite in 1982, the constant lithium abundance of metal-poor ([Fe/H]<-1.3) halo stars near the turnoff has been attributed a cosmological origin. Closer analysis revealed that the observed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 L. Piau , T. C. Beers , D. S. Balsara , T. Sivarani , J. W. Truran , J. W. Ferguson

The observed lithum (Li) abundance of Galactic halo stars mainly fall within the range of 2.0--2.4 dex. This nearly constant value, known as the Spite plateau, is approximately a factor of three lower than the value predicted from cosmic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-27 Wuming Yang , Shuya Dou , Xiangcun Meng , Yaqian Wu , Shaolan Bi

We present a suite of high-resolution cosmological simulations, using the FIRE-2 feedback physics together with explicit treatment of magnetic fields, anisotropic conduction and viscosity, and cosmic rays (CRs) injected by supernovae…

LCDM is remarkably successful in predicting the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure, and LCDM parameters have been determined with only mild tensions between different types of observations. Hydrodynamical simulations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-13 Joel R. Primack

We point out that the cosmological abundance of ${}^7$Li can be reduced down to observed values if during its formation Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is modified by the presence of light electrically neutral particles $X$ that have substantial…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-06-01 Andreas Goudelis , Maxim Pospelov , Josef Pradler

We reconsider the effects of unstable particles on the production and destruction of the primordial light elements, with a view to reconciling the high primordial Li7 abundance deduced from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), as implied by the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-11 John Ellis , Keith A. Olive , Elisabeth Vangioni

Context: Lithium is a fragile element, which is easily destroyed in the stellar interior. The existence of lithium-rich giants still represents a challenge for stellar evolution models. Aims: We have collected a large database of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 L. Monaco , S. Villanova , C. Moni Bidin , G. Carraro , D. Geisler , P. Bonifacio , O. A. Gonzalez , M. Zoccali , L. Jilkova

Lithium abundances in a selected sample of halo stars have been revised by using the new accurate IRFM effective temperatures by Alonso, Arribas & Martinez-Roger (1996a). From 41 plateau stars (Teff > 5700 and [Fe/H] <= -1.5) we found no…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Piercarlo Bonifacio , Paolo Molaro

The $\gamma$-ray emission of star-forming (SF) galaxies is attributed to hadronic interactions of cosmic ray (CR) protons with the interstellar gas and contributions from CR electrons via bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton (IC) scattering.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-26 Maria Werhahn , Christoph Pfrommer , Philipp Girichidis , Georg Winner

Using a Monte Carlo code which incorporates the delayed mixing into the ISM of supernovae nucleosynthetic yields and ejecta kinetic energies (including events with very large energies, e.g. collapsars/hypernovae), we tested three…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Ramaty , R. E. Lingenfelter

In this work we show that the cosmological lithium problem and the $H_0$ tension could be eased at the same time by allowing variations in the fundamental constants. We compute the primordial abundances of light elements resulting from Big…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 S. A. Franchino-Viñas , M. E. Mosquera

The presence of relativistic electrons within the diffuse gas phase of galaxy clusters is now well established, but their detailed origin remains unclear. Cosmic ray protons are also expected to accumulate during the formation of clusters…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-14 R. Adam , H. Goksu , S. Brown , L. Rudnick , C. Ferrari

The prediction of the PLANCK-constrained primordial lithium abundance in the Universe is in discordance with the observed Li abundances in warm Population II dwarf and subgiant stars. Among the physically best motivated ideas, it has been…

Cosmic rays (CRs) are fundamental to the chemistry and physics of star-forming regions, influencing molecular gas ionization, mediating interactions with interstellar magnetic fields, and regulating star formation from the diffuse…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-12 Andrea Bracco , Marco Padovani , Daniele Galli , Stefania Pezzuto , Alexandre Cipriani , Alexander Drabent

Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the cosmic baryon density from cosmic microwave background anisotropies together predict a primordial Li7 abundance a factor of 2--3 higher than that observed in galactic halo dwarf stars. A recent…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Brian D. Fields , Keith A. Olive , Elisabeth Vangioni-Flam

We review the main sources of LiBeB production and show that a primary mechanism is at work in the early Galaxy involving both ejection and acceleration of He, C and O at moderate energy, which by nuclear interaction with H and He produce…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 M. Casse , E. Vangioni-Flam , J. Audouze

We developed a three-dimensional 2-level hierarchical cosmological code with a realistic and robust treatment of multi-species non-equilibrium ionization and radiative cooling processes, and use it to investigate primordial star forming…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Yu Zhang , Michael L. Norman , Peter Anninos , Tom Abel

Primordial nucleosynthesis calculations are shown to be able to provide constraints on electroweak baryogenesis which produce a highly inhomogeneous distribution of the baryon-to-photon ratio. Such baryogenesis scenarios overproduce 4He…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 G. M. Fuller , K. Jedamzik , G. J. Mathews , A. Olinto

[ABRIDGED] We determine Li abundances for a well-studied sample of 714 F and G dwarf, turn-off, and subgiant stars in the solar neighbourhood. The analysis is based on line synthesis of the Li line at 6707 {\AA} in high-resolution and high…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-01 Thomas Bensby , Karin Lind

The effective content of cosmic rays (CR) in galaxy clusters remains elusive. This paper aims to estimate a maximum production of both secondary relativistic electrons, SRE, and gamma rays, GR, from the relativistic protons, RP, that have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Marchegiani , G. C. Perola , S. Colafrancesco