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A general asymptotic framework is developed for studying consis- tency properties of principal component analysis (PCA). Our frame- work includes several previously studied domains of asymptotics as special cases and allows one to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-26 Dan Shen , Haipeng Shen , J. S. Marron

Principal component analysis (PCA) is by far the most widespread tool for unsupervised learning with high-dimensional data sets. Its application is popularly studied for the purpose of exploratory data analysis and online process…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-12 Stefania Russo , Guangyu Li , Kris Villez

At the crossway of machine learning and data analysis, anomaly detection aims at identifying observations that exhibit abnormal behaviour. Be it measurement errors, disease development, severe weather, production quality default(s) (items)…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-06 Romain Valla , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Florence d'Alché-Buc

The literature provides strong evidence that stock prices can be predicted from past price data. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used mathematical technique for dimensionality reduction and analysis of data by identifying a…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-03-15 Mahsa Ghorbani , Edwin K. P. Chong

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a classical method for recovering latent variables with useful identifiability properties. For independent variables, cumulant tensors are diagonal; relaxing independence yields tensors whose zero…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Alvaro Ribot , Anna Seigal , Piotr Zwiernik

Unsupervised learning makes manifest the underlying structure of data without curated training and specific problem definitions. However, the inference of relationships between data points is frustrated by the `curse of dimensionality' in…

Sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA) is a widely used technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis, addressing two key limitations of standard PCA. First, sparse PCA can be implemented in high-dimensional low…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Jan O. Bauer

This paper introduces a novel statistical framework for independent component analysis (ICA) of multivariate data. We propose methodology for estimating and testing the existence of mutually independent components for a given dataset, and a…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-06-21 David S. Matteson , Ruey S. Tsay

Principal component analysis (PCA) aims at estimating the direction of maximal variability of a high-dimensional dataset. A natural question is: does this task become easier, and estimation more accurate, when we exploit additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-19 Andrea Montanari , Emile Richard

The advancement in the field of data science especially in machine learning along with vast databases of variable star projects like the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) encourages researchers to analyse as well as classify…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-24 Suman Paul , Tanuka Chattopadhyay

The principal component analysis (PCA) is a staple statistical and unsupervised machine learning technique in finance. The application of PCA in a financial setting is associated with several technical difficulties, such as numerical…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-08-31 Paul Bilokon , David Finkelstein

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a dimension reduction technique. It produces inconsistent estimators when the dimensionality is moderate to high, which is often the problem in modern large-scale applications where algorithm…

Computation · Statistics 2016-01-29 Qiaoya Zhang , Yiyuan She

With the development of modern technologies such as IFUs, it is possible to obtain data cubes in which one produces images with spectral resolution. To extract information from them can be quite complex, and hence the development of new…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 J. E. Steiner , R. B. Menezes , T. V. Ricci , A. S. Oliveira

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a cornerstone of dimensionality reduction, yet its classical formulation relies critically on second-order moments and is therefore fragile in the presence of heavy-tailed data and impulsive noise.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mario Sayde , Christopher Khater , Jihad Fahs , Ibrahim Abou-Faycal

This paper proposes an innovative extension of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that transcends the traditional assumption of data lying in Euclidean space, enabling its application to data on Riemannian manifolds. The primary challenge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Oldemar Rodríguez

A principal component analysis (PCA) of clean microcalorimeter pulse records can be a first step beyond statistically optimal linear filtering of pulses towards a fully non-linear analysis. For PCA to be practical on spectrometers with…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-01-08 J. W. Fowler , B. K. Alpert , Y. -I. Joe , G. C. O'Neil , D. S. Swetz , J. N. Ullom

We discuss spectral principal component analysis (SPCA) and show examples of its application in analyzing AGN spectra in both small and large samples. It can be used to identify peculiar spectra and classify AGN spectra. Its application to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhaohui Shang , Beverley J. Wills

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an efficient tool to optimize the multiparameter tests of general relativity (GR) where one tests for simultaneous deviations in multiple post-Newtonian (PN) phasing coefficients by introducing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-17 Sayantani Datta , M. Saleem , K. G. Arun , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Methodologies for multidimensionality reduction aim at discovering low-dimensional manifolds where data ranges. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is very effective if data have linear structure. But fails in identifying a possible…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Alberto García-González , Antonio Huerta , Sergio Zlotnik , Pedro Díez

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the workhorse tool for dimensionality reduction in this era of big data. While often overlooked, the purpose of PCA is not only to reduce data dimensionality, but also to yield features that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa