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We experimentally demonstrate optical control of negative-feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) detectors using bright light. We deterministically generate fake single-photon detections with a better timing precision than normal operation. This…

Time-resolved single photon imaging is a promising imaging modality characterized by the unique capability of timestamping the arrivals of single photons. Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are the leading technology for implementing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Aleksi Suonsivu , Lauri Salmela , Edoardo Peretti , Leevi Uosukainen , Radu Ciprian Bilcu , Giacomo Boracchi

With the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the number of collisions per bunch crossing increases. To cope with these high rates in the pixel trackers, per-pixel time measurements are required, which implies the need for fast…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-18 Daan Oppenhuis

In this paper we present a novel construction of an active quenching circuit intended for single photon detection. For purpose of evaluation, we have combined this circuit with a standard avalanche photodiode C30902S to form a single photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-21 Mario Stipcevic

The ability to know what is hidden around a corner or behind a wall provides a crucial advantage when physically going around the obstacle is impossible or dangerous. Previous solutions to this challenge were constrained e.g. by their…

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are starting to play a pivotal role in the development of photon-efficient, long-range LiDAR systems. However, due to non-linearities in their image formation model, a high photon flux (e.g., due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Anant Gupta , Atul Ingle , Andreas Velten , Mohit Gupta

The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-02 Koji Nakamura , Yua Murayama , Issei Horikoshi , Mahiro Kobayashi , Koji Sato

An approximate iterative model of avalanche process in a pixel of micropixel avalanche photodiode initiated by a single photoelectron is presented. The model describes development of the avalanche process in time, taking into account change…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-05-07 Z. Sadygov , Kh. Abdullaev , G. Akhmedov , F. Akhmedov , S. Khorev , R. Mukhtarov , A. Sadigov , A. Sidelev , A. Titov , F. Zerrouk , V. Zhezher

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) possess bright prospects in applications of medical imaging and wearable electronics due to the advantages such as low cost, good biocompatibility, and good flexibility. Photomultiplication OPDs (PM-OPDs)…

The distinctive characteristics of light, such as high-speed and low-loss propagation, low cross-talk and low power consumption, along with photons unique quantum properties, make it most suitable for various applications in communication,…

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the most commercially diffused solution for single-photon counting in quantum key distribution (QKD) applications. However, the secondary photon emission, arising from the avalanche of charge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-21 A. Meda , I. P. Degiovanni , A. Tosi , Z. L. Yuan , G. Brida , M. Genovese

Prompt photons are a powerful tool to study heavy ion collisions. Their production rates provide access to the initial state parton distribution functions and also provide a means to calibrate the expected energy of jets that are produced…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-21 Peter Steinberg

InGaAs/InP single-photon detectors (SPDs) are widely used for near-infrared photon counting in practical applications. Photon detection efficiency (PDE) is one of the most important parameters for SPD characterization, and therefore…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Yu-Qiang Fang , Wei Chen , Tian-Hong Ao , Cong Liu , Li Wang , Xin-Jiang Gao , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

The paper reports on the timing resolution achieved with Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), optimised for extreme-fluence conditions, at the DESY Test Beam Facility using 4~GeV/c electrons. The LGADs adopt an $n$-in-$p$ technology with a…

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes, also known as LGADs, are widely considered for fast-timing applications in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space science, medical imaging, and precision measurements of rare processes. Such devices are…

Reconstruction of photon statistics of optical states provide fundamental information on the nature of any optical field and find various relevant applications. Nevertheless, no detector that can reliably discriminate the number of incident…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Genovese , M. Gramegna , G. Brida , M. Bondani , G. Zambra , A. Andreoni , A. R. Rossi , M. G. A. Paris

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are fast silicon sensors with internal charge multiplication and are key candidates for precision timing layers in future high-energy hadron colliders. Their operation in harsh radiation environments,…

It is not widely appreciated that many subtleties are involved in the accurate measurement of intensity-correlated photons; even for the original experiments of Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT). Using a monolithic 4x4 array of single-photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-12 D. L. Boiko , N. J. Gunther , N. Brauer , M. Sergio , C. Niclass , G. B. Beretta , E. Charbon

The temporal response of single-photon detectors is usually obtained by measuring their impulse response to short-pulsed laser sources. In this work, we present an alternative approach using time-correlated photon pairs generated in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Lijiong Shen , Jianwei Lee , Antony Winata Hartanto , Pengkian Tan , Christian Kurtsiefer

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are key components for precise timing measurements in high-energy physics experiments, including the High Luminosity upgrades of the current LHC detectors. Their performance is, however, limited by…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-02-03 Veronika Kraus , Marcos Fernandez Garcia , Luca Menzio , Michael Moll
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