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In this paper fields of quantum reference frames based on gauge transformations of rational string states are described in a way that, hopefully, makes them more understandable than their description in an earlier paper. The approach taken…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Paul Benioff

A quantum theoretic representation of real and complex numbers is described here as equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of quantum states of finite strings of qubits. There are 4 types of qubits each with associated single qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Paul Benioff

This work is based on a description of quantum reference frames that seems more basic than others in the literature. Here a frame is based on a set of real and of complex numbers and a space time as a 4-tuple of the real numbers. There are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Benioff

This paper extends earlier work on quantum theory representations of natural numbers N, integers I, and rational numbers Ra to describe a space of these representations and transformations on the space. The space is parameterized by 4-tuple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paul Benioff

This work is based on the field of reference frames based on quantum representations of real and complex numbers described in other work. Here frame domains are expanded to include space and time lattices. Strings of qukits are described as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul Benioff

Several finite dimensional quasi-probability representations of quantum states have been proposed to study various problems in quantum information theory and quantum foundations. These representations are often defined only on restricted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-07 Christopher Ferrie , Joseph Emerson

Quantum reference frame transformations have been proposed to provide a means by which to translate descriptions of quantum systems relative to each other. At present, there are several differing frameworks for describing quantum reference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Thomas D. Galley , Leon Loveridge

A sketch is given of a circle of ideas relating quantum field theories with representation theory. The main mathematical ingredients are spinor geometry and the gauge group equivariant K-theory of the space of connections.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Woit

Relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) is commonly formulated in terms of operators, asymptotic states, and covariant amplitudes, a perspective that tends to obscure the real-time origin of field dynamics and correlations. Here we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-05 Yong Zhang

In physics, every observation is made with respect to a frame of reference. Although reference frames are usually not considered as degrees of freedom, in all practical situations it is a physical system which constitutes a reference frame.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Flaminia Giacomini , Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Časlav Brukner

A representation of complex rational numbers in quantum mechanics is described that is not based on logical or physical qubits. It stems from noting that the zeros in a product qubit state do not contribute to the number. They serve only as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Paul Benioff

The modern quantum theory is based on the assumption that quantum states are represented by elements of a complex Hilbert space. It is expected that in future quantum theory the number field will be not postulated but derived from more…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Felix Lev

There exist many attempts to define a Wigner function for qudits, each of them coming with its advantages and limitations. The existing finite versions have simple definitions, but they are artificial in their construction and do not allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-16 Nicolae Cotfas

We propose that observables in quantum theory are properly understood as representatives of symmetry-invariant quantities relating one system to another, the latter to be called a reference system. We provide a rigorous mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Leon Loveridge , Takayuki Miyadera , Paul Busch

In this introductory article a brief description of Quantum Field Theories (QFT) is presented with emphasis on the distinction between strongly and weakly coupled theories. A case is made for using numerical simulations to solve QCD, the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2007-05-23 Rajan Gupta

In standard quantum mechanics, reference frames are treated as abstract entities. We can think of them as idealized, infinite-mass subsystems which decouple from the rest of the system. In nature, however, all reference frames are realized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 Viktor Zelezny

A quantum frame is defined by a material object subject to the laws of quantum mechanics. The present paper studies the relations between quantum frames, which in the classical case are described by elements of the Poincare' group. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-17 M. Toller

The quantum symmetry of a rational quantum field theory is a finite- dimensional multi-matrix algebra. Its representation category, which determines the fusion rules and braid group representations of superselection sectors, is a braided…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Jürgen Fuchs

We present a complex field formulation of the quantum estimation theory that works natively with complex statistics on the dependence of complex parameters. This formulation states new complex versions of the main quantities and results of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 M. Muñoz , L. Pereira , C. Vargas , S. Niklitschek , A. Delgado

Algebraic quantum field theory provides a general, mathematically precise description of the structure of quantum field theories, and then draws out consequences of this structure by means of various mathematical tools -- the theory of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hans Halvorson , Michael Mueger
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