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The heat theorem (i.e. the second law of thermodynamics or the existence of entropy) is a manifestation of a general property of hamiltonian mechanics and of the ergodic Hypothesis. In nonequilibrium thermodynamics of stationary states the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-11-01 Giovanni Gallavotti

We introduce from an experimental point of view the main concepts of fluctuation theorems for work, heat and entropy production in out of equilibrium systems. We will discuss the important difference between the applications of these…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-20 Sergio Ciliberto , Sylvain Joubaud , Artem Petrosyan

Multistable non-equilibrium systems are abundant outcomes of nonlinear dynamics with feedback but still relatively little is known about what determines the stability of the steady states and their switching rates in terms of entropy and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-02-11 Jacob Cook , Robert G. Endres

Fluctuation theorems establish that thermodynamic processes at the microscale can occasionally result in negative entropy production. At the microscale, another distinct possibility becomes more likely: processes in which no entropy is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-11 Abhaya S. Hegde , André M. Timpanaro , Gabriel T. Landi

Nonequilibrium work-Hamiltonian connection for a microstate plays a central role in diverse branches of statistical thermodynamics (fluctuation theorems, quantum thermodynamics, stochastic thermodynamics, etc.). We show that the change in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-02-03 P. D. Gujrati

In this paper, we address an important question of the relationship between fluctuation theorems for the dissipated work $W_{d} = W-\Delta F$ with general finite-time (like Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation) and infinite-time (like…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-31 A. Mandaiya , I. M. Khaymovich

This article sets up a new formalism to investigate stochastic thermodynamics of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems, where stochasticity primarily comes from quantum measurement. In the absence of any bath, we define a purely quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-17 Cyril Elouard , David Herrera Marti , Maxime Clusel , Alexia Auffèves

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations have emerged as universal bounds on current fluctuations in non-equilibrium systems. Here we derive a new bound for a particular class of run-and-tumble type processes using the mathematical framework of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-02 Mayank Shreshtha , Rosemary J. Harris

The characteristic function for the joint measurement of the changes of two commuting observables upon an external forcing of a quantum system is derived. In particular, the statistics of the internal energy, the exchanged heat and the work…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-02-18 Peter Talkner , Michele Campisi , Peter Hänggi

In the global framework of finding an axiomatic derivation of nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics from fundamental principles, such as the maximum path entropy -- also known as Maximum Caliber principle -- , this work proposes an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-28 Diego González , Sergio Davis

Constructing a thermodynamic framework for nonequilibrium systems remains a major challenge, as quantities such as temperature and free energy often become ambiguous when inferred solely from steady-state properties. Here we take a…

Recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of nonequilibrium processes. The Jarzynski equality, for example, provides a link between equilibrium free energy differences and finite-time, nonequilibrium dynamics. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-27 Dibyendu Mandal , Michael R. DeWeese

In a recent paper, Deffner and Saxena (2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 150601) showed that quantum Jarzynski equality generalizes to PT- symmetric quantum mechanics with unbroken symmetry. later Zeng and Yong (2017 Journal of Phys. Commun. 1…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-28 Saurov Hazarika

We study work fluctuation theorems for oscillators in non-Markovian heat baths. By calculating the work distribution function for a harmonic oscillator with motion described by the generalized Langevin equation, the Jarzynski equality (JE),…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Trieu Mai , Abhishek Dhar

Stochastic thermodynamics is the field of study relating fluctuations in stochastic systems to thermodynamic quantities. The total entropy production (EP), is central to the thermodynamic classification of systems. Non-equilibrium systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-05 Lars Torbjørn Stutzer

Fluctuation relations allow for the computation of equilibrium properties, like free energy, from an ensemble of non-equilibrium dynamics simulations. Computing them for quantum systems, however, can be difficult, as performing dynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Lindsay Bassman , Katherine Klymko , Diyi Liu , Norman M. Tubman , Wibe A. de Jong

We demonstrate the conventional Jarzynski relation (JR) is violated for a non-Markovian process with colored noise. As an example an exactly soluble model is considered with a simple protocol for the external work performed on the system…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-07-24 Michael Schulz , Steffen Trimper

Fluctuation theorems are key to understanding both fundamental and applied aspects of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of small systems. We study the non-Markovian entropy production fluctuation theorem for the diffusion process of charged…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-06 K. S. Rodríguez-Vigil , M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani , J. I. Jiménez-Aquino

We give a proof of transient fluctuation relations for the entropy production (dissipation function) in nonequilibrium systems, which is valid for most time reversible dynamics. We then consider the conditions under which a transient…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Debra J. Searles , Lamberto Rondoni , Denis J. Evans

In this note we discuss a paradigmatic example of interacting particles subject to non conservative external forces and to the action of thermostats consisting of external (finite) reservoirs of particles. We then consider a model of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 F. Bonetto , G. Gallavotti , A. Giuliani , F. Zamponi