Related papers: A probabilistic proof of Wallis's formula for pi

We use a method of translation to recover Borweins' quadratic and quartic iterations. Then, by using the WZ-method, we obtain some initial values which lead to the limit $1/\pi$. We will not use the modular theory nor either the Gauss'…

In this article we give the theoretical background for generating Ramanujan type $1/\pi^{2\nu}$ formulas. As applications of our method we give a general construction of $1/\pi^4$ series and examples of $1/\pi^6$ series. We also study the…

Based on the values of the Weierstrass elliptic function $\wp(z|\tau)$ at $z=\pi\tau/2$, $(\pi+\pi\tau)/{2}, (\pi+\pi\tau)/{4},(\pi+2\pi\tau)/{4}$ and the theory of modular forms on the arithmetic group $\Gamma_0(2)$, we decompose…

It is proposed that the validity, or not, of the Riemann Hypothesis might be established on the basis of the integral $$\int\frac{\xi(2s)}{\xi(s)}ds$$ where $$\xi(s)=(s-1)\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma(1+s/2)\zeta(s).$$

In this work, we consider the properties of the two-term Machin-like formula and develop an algorithm for computing digits of $\pi$ by using its rational approximation. In this approximation, both terms are constructed by using a…

We provide direct elementary proofs of several explicit expressions for Bernoulli numbers and Bernoulli polynomials. As a byproduct of our method of proof, we provide natural definitions for generalized Bernoulli numbers and polynomials of…

We significantly advance the research program initiated in "Moment-Based Evidence for Simple Rational-Valued Hilbert-Schmidt Generic 2 x 2 Separability Probabilities" (J. Phys. A, 45, 095305 [2012]). A function P(alpha), incorporating a…

Following the student t-statistic, normalization has been a widely used method in statistic and other disciplines including economics, ecology and machine learning. We focus on statistics taking the form of a ratio over (some power of) the…

We generalize the derivation of the Wallis formula for $\pi$ from a variational computation of the spectrum of the Hydrogen atom. We obtain infinite product formulas for certain combinations of gamma functions, which include irrational…

Let $O(2n+\ell)$ be the group of orthogonal matrices of size $\left(2n+\ell\right)\times \left(2n+\ell\right)$ equipped with the probability distribution given by normalized Haar measure. We study the probability \begin{equation*}…

The exact expression is derived for the expected value, $< {p_i}> $, for the parameter for any bin $i$ of a histogram following a multinomial distribution derived by sorting $N$ observations into bins of $B$ classes, if $n_i$ of the…

Let $\alpha(n)$ denote the number of perfect square permutations in the symmetric group $S_n$. The conjecture $\alpha(2n+1) = (2n+1) \alpha(2n)$, provided by Stanley[4], was proved by Blum[1] using a generating function. This paper presents…

The theory of normal variance mixture distributions is used to provide elementary derivations of closed-form expressions for the definite integrals $\int_0^\infty x^{-2\nu}\cos(bx)\gamma(\nu,\alpha x^2)\,\mathrm{d}x$ (for $\nu>1/2$, $b>0$…

The numbers $R_n$ and $W_n$ are defined as \begin{align*} R_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}{n+k\choose 2k}{2k\choose k}\frac{1}{2k-1},\ \text{and}\ W_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}{n+k\choose 2k}{2k\choose k}\frac{3}{2k-3}. \end{align*} We prove that, for any positive…

Based on the first 25 known values of Pi(10^n), the number of primes less than 10^n, with n integer between 1 and 25, we propose a conjectured value range of Pi(10^26) calculated by using polynomial interpolations with two corrective…

Galois theory is developed using elementary polynomial and group algebra. The method follows closely the original prescription of Galois, and has the benefit of making the theory accessible to a wide audience. The theory is illustrated by a…

In this paper, we investigate two methods to express the natural powers of $2$ as sums over integer partitions. First we consider a formula by N. J. Fine that allows us to express a binomial coefficient in terms of multinomial coefficients…

We show how to find series expansions for $\pi$ of the form $\pi=\sum_{n=0}^\infty {S(n)}\big/{\binom{mn}{pn}a^n}$, where S(n) is some polynomial in $n$ (depending on $m,p,a$). We prove that there exist such expansions for $m=8k$, $p=4k$,…

In this article we present Pickands theorem and his double sum method. We follow Piterbarg's proof of this theorem. Since his proof relies on general lemmas we present a complete proof of Pickands theorem using Borell inequality and Slepian…

We find two-sides estimates for the best uniform approximations of classes of convolutions of $2\pi$-periodic functions from unit ball of the space $L_p, 1 \le p <\infty,$ with fixed kernels, modules of Fourier coefficients of which satisfy…