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A $d$-limited automaton is a Turing machine that may rewrite each input cell at most~$d$ times. Hibbard (1967) showed that for every $d \geq 2$ such automata recognize all context-free languages and that deterministic $d$-limited automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Alexander Rubtsov

We discuss the problem of learning a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a confidence oracle. That is, we are given access to an oracle $Q$ with incomplete knowledge of some target language $L$ over an alphabet $\Sigma$; the oracle…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Wilson Wu

We provide the first fully polynomial-time randomized approximation scheme for the following two counting problems: 1. Given a Context Free Grammar $G$ over alphabet $\Sigma$, count the number of words of length exactly $n$ generated by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kuldeep S. Meel , Alexis de Colnet

We study several problems related to finding reset words in deterministic finite automata. In particular, we establish that the problem of deciding whether a shortest reset word has length k is complete for the complexity class DP. This…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-21 Jörg Olschewski , Michael Ummels

Dynamic time warping distance (DTW) is a widely used distance measure between time series. The best known algorithms for computing DTW run in near quadratic time, and conditional lower bounds prohibit the existence of significantly faster…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-27 William Kuszmaul

Given a Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA), a set of states S, and an error threshold e > 0, our algorithm approximates the infimum probability (quantifying over all infinite words) that the automata reaches S. Our result contrasts with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-09-21 Sergio Giro

A pattern $\alpha$ is a string of variables and terminal letters. We say that $\alpha$ matches a word $w$, consisting only of terminal letters, if $w$ can be obtained by replacing the variables of $\alpha$ by terminal words. The matching…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Paweł Gawrychowski , Florin Manea , Stefan Siemer

Compact representations of automata are important for efficiency. In this paper, we study methods to compute reduced automata, in which no two states accept the same language. We do this for finitary automata (FA), an abstract definition…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Keri D'Angelo , Alexandra Silva , Gerco van Heerdt , Leon Witzman

A {\em subsequence} of a word $w$ is a word $u$ that can be obtained by deleting some letters from $w$ while maintaining the relative order of the remaining letters, e.g., $\mathtt{lala}$ is a subsequence of $\mathtt{alfalfa}$. A word, over…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Duncan Adamson , Pamela Fleischmann , Annika Huch , Florin Manea , Paul Sarnighausen-Cahn , Max Wiedenhöft

In this note we study automata recognizing birecurrent sets. A set of words is birecurrent if the minimal partial DFA recognizing this set and the minimal partial DFA recognizing the reversal of this set are both strongly connected. This…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Andrew Ryzhikov

Every language recognized by a non-deterministic finite automaton can be recognized by a deterministic automaton, at the cost of a potential increase of the number of states, which in the worst case can go from $n$ states to $2^n$ states.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Arnaud Carayol , Philippe Duchon , Florent Koechlin , Cyril Nicaud

A classical problem in grammatical inference is to identify a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from a set of positive and negative examples. In this paper, we address the related - yet seemingly novel - problem of identifying a set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Alexis Linard , Rick Smetsers , Frits Vaandrager , Umar Waqas , Joost van Pinxten , Sicco Verwer

String matching is the problem of finding all the substrings of a text which match a given pattern. It is one of the most investigated problems in computer science, mainly due to its very diverse applications in several fields. Recently,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Domenico Cantone , Simone Faro , Arianna Pavone

{\it Two-way quantum automata with quantum and classical states} (2QCFA) were introduced by Ambainis and Watrous in 2002. In this paper we study state succinctness of 2QCFA. For any $m\in {\mathbb{Z}}^+$ and any $\epsilon<1/2$, we show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-24 Shenggen Zheng , Daowen Qiu , Jozef Gruska , Lvzhou Li , Paulo Mateus

Zielonka's theorem shows that each regular set of Mazurkiewicz traces can be implemented as a system of synchronized processes with a distributed control structure called asynchronous automaton. This paper gives a polynomial algorithm for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Nicolas Baudru , Rémi Morin

A deterministic finite automaton is directable if it has a directing word which takes the automaton from every state to the same state. These notions have been extended also to other kinds of automata. Thus, B.~Imreh and M.~Steinby (1999)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Magnus Steinby

We study minimization problems for deterministic $\omega$-automata in the presence of don't care words. We prove that the number of priorities in deterministic parity automata can be efficiently minimized under an arbitrary set of don't…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Christof Löding , Max Philip Stachon

The DTW Barycenter Averaging (DBA) algorithm is a widely used algorithm for estimating the mean of a given set of point sequences. In this context, the mean is defined as a point sequence that minimises the sum of dynamic time warping…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Frederik Brüning , Anne Driemel , Alperen Ergür , Heiko Röglin

We present an algorithm for regular expression parsing and submatch extraction based on tagged deterministic finite automata. The algorithm works with different disambiguation policies. We give detailed pseudocode for the algorithm,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Angelo Borsotti , Ulya Trafimovich

It is shown that, for every $n \geqslant 2$, the maximum length of the shortest string accepted by an $n$-state direction-determinate two-way finite automaton is exactly $\binom{n}{\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor}-1$ (direction-determinate…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Olga Martynova , Alexander Okhotin