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Related papers: Can giant planets form by gravitational fragmentat…

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Thanks to ``dust-to-planet'' simulations (DTPSs), which treat the collisional evolution directly from dust to giant-planet cores in a protoplanetary disk, we showed that giant-planet cores are formed in $\lesssim 10\,$au in several $10^5$…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-31 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Hidekazu Tanaka

We carry out three-dimensional SPH simulations to study whether planets can survive in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs. The discs modelled here use a cooling prescription that mimics a real disc which is only gravitationally unstable…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-09 Sahl Rowther , Farzana Meru

We present preliminary results on the ability of self-gravitating discs to cool in response to their internal heating. These discs are modelled using a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code with radiative transfer (Whitehouse, Bate &…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-14 Farzana Meru , Matthew R. Bate

Recent analyses have shown that the concluding stages of giant planet formation are accompanied by the development of large-scale meridional flow of gas inside the planetary Hill sphere. This circulation feeds a circumplanetary disk that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-27 Konstantin Batygin , Alessandro Morbidelli

The Sun shows a $\sim 10$% depletion in refractory elements relative to nearby solar twins. It has been suggested that this depletion is a signpost of planet formation. The exoplanet statistics are now good enough to show that the origin of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Richard A. Booth , James E. Owen

We use a semi-analytic circumstellar disk model that considers movement of the snow line through evolution of accretion and the central star to investigate how gas giant frequency changes with stellar mass. The snow line distance changes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Grant M. Kennedy , Scott J. Kenyon

Collisional fragmentation is shown to not be a barrier to rocky planet formation at small distances from the host star. Simple analytic arguments demonstrate that rocky planet formation via collisions of homogeneous gravity-dominated bodies…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-11 Joshua Wallace , Scott Tremaine , John Chambers

During their formative stages, giant planets are fed by infalling material sourced from the background circumstellar disk. Due to conservation of angular momentum, the incoming gas and dust collects into a circumplanetary disk that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-10 Aster G. Taylor , Fred C. Adams , Nuria Calvet

Due to the gas rich environments of early circumstellar disks, the gravitational collapse of cool, dense regions of the disk form fragments largely composed of gas. During formation, disk fragments may attain increased metallicities as they…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-26 Hans Baehr , Hubert Klahr

Cosmic metallicity evolution possibly creates the diversity of star formation modes at different epochs. Gravitational fragmentation of circumstellar discs provides an important formation channel of multiple star systems, including close…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-17 Ryoki Matsukoba , Kei E. I. Tanaka , Kazuyuki Omukai , Eduard I. Vorobyov , Takashi Hosokawa

Observations of systems hosting close in ($<1$ AU) giant planets and brown dwarfs ($M\gtrsim7$ M$_{\rm Jup}$) find an excess of binary star companions, indicating that stellar multiplicity may play an important role in their formation.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-19 James Cadman , Cassandra Hall , Clémence Fontanive , Ken Rice

Typical accretion disks around massive protostars are hot enough for water ice to sublimate. We here propose to utilize the massive protostellar disks for investigating the collisional evolution of silicate grains with no ice mantle, which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-08 Ryota Yamamuro , Kei E. I. Tanaka , Satoshi Okuzumi

The evolution of protoplanetary discs embedded in stellar clusters depends on the age and the stellar density in which they are embedded. Stellar clusters of young age and high stellar surface density destroy protoplanetary discs by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 Nelson Ndugu , Bertram Bitsch , Edward Jurua

Circumstellar discs are thought to be self-gravitating at very early times. If the disc is relatively cool, extended and accreting sufficiently rapidly, it can fragment into bound objects of order a few Jupiter masses and upwards. Given…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-23 Duncan Forgan

The recent discoveries of massive planets on ultra-wide orbits of HR 8799 (Marois et al. 2008) and Fomalhaut (Kalas et al. 2008) present a new challenge for planet formation theorists. Our goal is to figure out which of three giant planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Sarah E. Dodson-Robinson , Dimitri Veras , Eric B. Ford , C. A. Beichman

This paper considers gravitational perturbations in geometrically thin disks with rotation curves dominated by a central object, but with substantial contributions from magnetic pressure and tension. The treatment is general, but the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-20 Susana Lizano , Daniele Galli , Mike J. Cai , Fred C. Adams

Numerical simulations of pebble dynamics inside gas clumps formed by gravitational instability of protoplanetary discs are presented. We find that dust-mediated Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities transport pebbles inward rapidly via dense…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-16 Sergei Nayakshin

Context. The model of disc fragmentation due to gravitational instabilities offers an alternate formation mechanism for gas giant planets, especially those on wide orbits. Aims. Our goal is to determine the 3D structure of disc-instability…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-13 Adam Fenton , Dimitris Stamatellos

Super-thermal gas giant planets or their progenitor cores are known to open deep gaps in protoplanetary disks, which stop large, drifting dust particles on their way to the inner disk. The possible separation of the disk into distinct…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-10 Thomas Pfeil , Philip J. Armitage , Yan-Fei Jiang

The luminosity of young giant planets can inform about their formation and accretion history. The directly imaged planets detected so far are consistent with the "hot-start" scenario of high entropy and luminosity. If nebular gas passes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 J. Szulágyi , C. Mordasini