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Analogue gravity can be used to reproduce the phenomenology of quantum field theory in curved spacetime and in particular phenomena such as cosmological particle creation and Hawking radiation. In black hole physics, taking into account the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-23 Stefano Liberati , Giovanni Tricella , Andrea Trombettoni

Hawking's black hole evaporation process suggests that we may need to choose between quantum unitarity and other basic physical principles such as no-signalling, entanglement monogamy, and the equivalence principle. We here provide a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-05 Ali Akil , Oscar Dahlsten , Leonardo Modesto

While recent progress in the black hole information problem has shown that the entropy of Hawking radiation follows a unitary Page curve, the quantum state of Hawking radiation prior the Page time is still treated as purely thermal,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-31 Jonah Kudler-Flam , Yuya Kusuki

The black hole information paradox has been with us for some time. We outline the nature of the paradox. We then propose a resolution based on an examination of the properties of quantum gravity under circumstances that give rise to a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-07 Malcolm J. Perry

We investigate the entanglement entropy and the information flow of two-dimensional moving mirrors. Here we point out that various mirror trajectories can help to mimic different candidate resolutions to the information loss paradox…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-25 Pisin Chen , Dong-han Yeom

A unitary effective field model of the black hole evaporation is proposed to satisfy almost the four postulates of the black hole complementarity (BHC). In this model, we enlarge a black hole-scalar field system by adding an extra radiation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-17 Yu-Lei Feng , Yi-Xin Chen

Semi-classical Hawking evaporation is expected to break down at some point in a black hole's evolution as the effects of quantum gravity become important. In particular, it has been argued that the so-called memory-burden effect could cause…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 Gabriele Montefalcone , Dan Hooper , Katherine Freese , Chris Kelso , Florian Kuhnel , Pearl Sandick

We extend a four-qubit quantum circuit model of black hole evaporation that enforces semi-causality, a condition that allows information to enter a black hole but strictly forbids any information from escaping from the interior to outside…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-19 Sourav Ballav , Chi-Hsien Tai , Wen-Yu Wen

For more than 30 years the discovery that black holes radiate like black bodies of specific temperature has triggered a multitude of puzzling questions concerning their nature and the fate of information that goes down the black hole during…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-06-28 Nikolaos D. Pappas

If black hole formation and evaporation can be described by an $S$ matrix, information would be expected to come out in black hole radiation. An estimate shows that it may come out initially so slowly, or else be so spread out, that it…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Don N. Page

It is shown that a black hole can be in two states: one with positive and other with negative surface gravity $k$. The state with $k<0$ corresponds to a white hole. In this state there is no information loss. In the quantization of black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-19 K. Ropotenko

Trieste Spring School Lectures describing the author's opinions about black hole evaporation and information loss. The remnant, or cornucopion scenario for the endpoint of Hawking evaporation is described in detail. In this picture…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Thomas Banks

We investigate a plausible route to resolving the black hole information paradox by examining the effects of decoherence on Hawking radiation. In particular, we show that a finite but non-zero rate of decoherence can lead to efficient…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-28 Kartiek Agarwal , Ning Bao

We introduce the concept of timelike entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation as a novel probe of the black hole information paradox. By analytically continuing black hole spacetimes to Euclidean signature, we define timelike correlations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-09 Yahya Ladghami , Francisco S. N. Lobo , Taoufik Ouali

The vivid debate concerning the paradox of information being lost when objects are swallowed by a black hole is shown to be void. We argue that no information is ever missing for any observer neither located above, nor falling beneath the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-04 Andrzej Dragan

Black hole entropy is identified with the counting of the dynamical degrees of freedom of trapped gravitational modes continually sourced by the Hawking-Unruh process. In the context of linear perturbations of Schwarzschild spacetime the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-14 Seth Major , Daniel Rodriguez , Thomas Takis

The information loss paradox is often discussed from the perspective of the observers who stay outside of a black hole. However, the interior spacetime of a black hole can be rather nontrivial. We discuss the open problems regarding the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-27 Yen Chin Ong

Hawking radiation would make microscopic black holes evaporate rapidly, which excludes them from many astrophysical considerations. However, it has been argued that the quantum nature of space would alter this behaviour: the temperature of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-05 Samuel Kováčik

In this review, we describe recent progress on the black hole information problem that involves a new understanding of how to calculate the entropy of Hawking radiation. We show how the method for computing gravitational fine-grained…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-28 Ahmed Almheiri , Thomas Hartman , Juan Maldacena , Edgar Shaghoulian , Amirhossein Tajdini

Vilkovisky has claimed to have solved the black hole backreaction problem and finds that black holes lose only ten percent of their mass to Hawking radiation before evaporation ceases. We examine the implications of this scenario for cold…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-12-10 Julien Larena , Tony Rothman