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This article surveys some of the highlights in the development of string theory through the first superstring revolution in 1984. The emphasis is on topics in which the author was involved, especially the observation that critical string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-04-03 John H. Schwarz

The first part of this report gives a very quick sketch of how string theory concepts originated and evolved during its first 25 years (1968-93). The second part presents a somewhat more detailed discussion of the highlights of the past…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 John H. Schwarz

The string theory introduced in early 1971 by Ramond, Neveu, and myself has two-dimensional world-sheet supersymmetry. This theory, developed at about the same time that Golfand and Likhtman constructed the four-dimensional super-Poincar\'e…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 John H. Schwarz

We argue that string theory emerges inevitably from a few simple assumptions about physical scattering. Consistency alone requires that all tree-level four-point scattering amplitudes exhibit vanishing residues at prescribed values of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-14 Clifford Cheung , Grant N. Remmen , Francesco Sciotti , Michele Tarquini

String theory is the most promising candidate theory for a unified description of all fundamental forces exist in the nature. It provides a mathematical framework that combine quantum theory with Einstein's general theory of relativity. But…

General Physics · Physics 2012-09-26 S. Sahoo

This lecture presents a brief overview of the early history of string theory and supersymmetry. It describes how the S-matrix theory program for understanding the strong nuclear force evolved into superstring theory, which is a promising…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-01-05 John H. Schwarz

These are the lecture notes of the introductory String Theory course held by one of the authors for the master program of Theoretical Physics at Turin University. The world-sheet approach to String Theory is pedagogically introduced in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-05 Carlo Maccaferri , Fabio Marino , Beniamino Valsesia

It is shown that the string concept results naturally from considerations of gravitation. This paper describes a derivation of linearized general relativity based upon the hypotheses of special covariance and the existence of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard Atkins

This is a brief summary of an introductory lecture for students and scholars in general given by the author at Nambu Memorial Symposium which was held at Osaka City University on September 29, 2015. We review the invention of string theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-06 H. Itoyama

In this contribution we go through the developments that in the years 1968 to 1974 led from the Veneziano model to the bosonic string.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Paolo Di Vecchia

These are my personal impressions of the environment in which string theory was born, and what the important developments affecting my work were during the hadronic string era, 1968-1974. I discuss my motivations and concerns at the time,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-12-19 Joel A. Shapiro

It is argued that the complete S-matrix of string theory at tree level in a flat background can be obtained from a small set of target space properties, without recourse to the worldsheet description. The main non-standard inputs are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-18 Rutger H. Boels , Tobias Hansen

Currently, string theory represents the only advanced approach to a unification of all interactions, including gravity. In spite of the more than thirty years of its existence it did not make any empirically testable predictions. And it is…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Reiner Hedrich

Extensions (modifications) of the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle are derived within the framework of the theory of Special Scale-Relativity proposed by Nottale. In particular, generalizations of the Stringy Uncertainty Principle are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 Carlos Castro

String theory is accused by some of its critics to be a purely abstract mathematical discipline, having lost the contact to the simple yet deeply rooted questions which physics provided until the beginning of this century. We argue that, in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Karl-Georg Schlesinger

A discrete string theory --a theory of embeddings from ${\bf Z}\times {\bf Z}_C\to {\bf R}^D$, where $C$ is the number of components of the string-- is explored. The closure of the algebra of constraints (`${\bf Z}_C$-Virasoro algebra') is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 J. G. Russo

We review the idea of our earlier proposed string field theory \cite{early1,early2,ourappear}, which makes the second quantized string theory appear as described by one or two types of stationary - so called - "objects" for string theories…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-12-14 Holger B. Nielsen , Masao Ninomiya

The aim of these notes is to give recent developments in string theory. In particular, we discuss the string spectrums, compactifications, brane physics and dualities.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-08-22 Adil Belhaj

These four lectures, addressed to an audience of graduate students in experimental high energy physics, survey some of the basic concepts in string theory. The purpose is to convey a general sense of what string theory is and what it has…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2007-05-23 John H. Schwarz

These notes on string theory are based on a series of talks I gave during my graduate studies. As the talks, this introductory essay is intended for young students and non-string theory physicists.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Oswaldo Zapata
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