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Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

The general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant called Prove-It was used to verify the Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) algorithm, specifically claims about its outcome probabilities. Prove-It is unique in its ability to express…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Wayne M. Witzel , Warren D. Craft , Robert Carr , Deepak Kapur

Interval calculus is a relatively new branch of mathematics. Initially understood as a set of tools to assess the quality of numerical calculations (rigorous control of rounding errors), it became a discipline in its own rights today.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Marek W. Gutowski

The work is devoted to the construction of a new type of intervals -- functional intervals. These intervals are built on the idea of expanding boundaries from numbers to functions. Functional intervals have shown themselves to be promising…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Dmitry A. Skorik

Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

We introduce Prove-It, a Python-based general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant designed with the goal of making formal theorem proving as easy and natural as informal theorem proving (with moderate training). Prove-It uses a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wayne M. Witzel , Warren D. Craft , Robert D. Carr , Joaquín E. Madrid Larrañaga

This paper presents a systematic study of the calculus of interval-valued functions and its application to interval differential equations. To this end, first, we introduce new interval arithmetic operations. Under new operations, the space…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Wei Liu , Muhammad Aamir Ali , Yanrong An

To be usable in practice, interactive theorem provers need to provide convenient and efficient means of writing expressions, definitions, and proofs. This involves inferring information that is often left implicit in an ordinary…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Leonardo de Moura , Jeremy Avigad , Soonho Kong , Cody Roux

Formal verification of complex algorithms is challenging. Verifying their implementations goes beyond the state of the art of current automatic verification tools and usually involves intricate mathematical theorems. Certifying algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Eyad Alkassar , Sascha Böhme , Kurt Mehlhorn , Christine Rizkallah

This note tries to show that a re-examination of a first course in analysis, using the more sophisticated tools and approaches obtained in later stages, can be a real fun for experts, advanced students, etc. We start by going to the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-01-31 Daniel Reem

Despite the vast body of research literature proposing algorithms with formal guarantees, the amount of verifiable code in today's systems remains minimal. This discrepancy stems from the inherent difficulty of verifying code, particularly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Changjie Wang , Mariano Scazzariello , Marco Chiesa

In this paper we propose some very promissing results in interval arithmetics which permit to build well-defined arithmetics including distributivity of multiplication and division according addition and substraction. Thus, it allows to…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2011-07-20 Nicolas Goze , Michel Goze , Abdel Kenoufi , Elisabeth Remm

The proofs first generated by automated theorem provers are far from optimal by any measure of simplicity. In this paper I describe a technique for simplifying automated proofs. Hopefully this discussion will stimulate interest in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Michael Kinyon

Generating code from natural-language requirements has become a primary route for LLM-assisted software development. Although LLMs can successfully complete small programming tasks, generating an entire complex project remains unreliable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jian Fang , Yingfei Xiong

A numerical procedure and its MAPLE implementation capable of rigorously, albeit in a brute-force manner, proving specific strict one-variable inequalities in specific finite intervals is described. The procedure is useful, for instance, to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-01-11 Man Kam Kwong

In this article we discuss how abstraction boundaries can help tame complexity in mathematical research, with the help of an interactive theorem prover. While many of the ideas we present here have been used implicitly by mathematicians for…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-09-27 Johan Commelin , Adam Topaz

Mathematics formalisation is the task of writing mathematics (i.e., definitions, theorem statements, proofs) in natural language, as found in books and papers, into a formal language that can then be checked for correctness by a program. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ayush Agrawal , Siddhartha Gadgil , Navin Goyal , Ashvni Narayanan , Anand Tadipatri

We describe an approximate rational arithmetic with round-off errors (both absolute and relative) controlled by the user. The rounding procedure is based on the continued fraction expansion of real numbers. Results of computer experiments…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Grigori Litvinov , Anatoli Rodionov , Andrei Chourkin

Artificial intelligence assisted mathematical proof has become a highly focused area nowadays. One key problem in this field is to generate formal mathematical proofs from natural language proofs. Due to historical reasons, the formal proof…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Lihan Xie , Zhicheng Hui , Qinxiang Cao

LLM-generated explanations can make technical content more accessible, but there is a ceiling on what they can support interactively. Because LLM outputs are static text, they cannot be executed or stepped through. We argue that grounding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hita Kambhamettu , Will Crichton , Sean Welleck , Harrison Goldstein , Andrew Head