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Systematic inaccuracy is inherent in any computational estimate of a non-linear average, due to the availability of only a finite number of data values, N. Free energy differences (DF) between two states or systems are critically important…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Daniel M. Zuckerman , Thomas B. Woolf

We establish a construction of the bulk local operators in AdS by considering CFT at finite energy scale. Without assuming any prior knowledge about the bulk, the normalizable solution to the bulk free field equation automatically appears…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-26 Zhao-Long Wang , Yi Yan

We present an accurate and efficient framework for real-space Hubbard-corrected density functional theory. In particular, we obtain expressions for the energy, atomic forces, and stress tensor suitable for real-space finite-difference…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Sayan Bhowmik , Andrew J. Medford , Phanish Suryanarayana

Accurate computational predictions of band gaps are of practical importance to the modeling and development of semiconductor technologies, such as (opto)electronic devices and photoelectrochemical cells. Among available electronic-structure…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-03-16 Nicole E. Kirchner-Hall , Wayne Zhao , Yihuang Xiong , Iurii Timrov , Ismaila Dabo

Unrestricted DFT methods are typically expected to describe the homolytic dissociation of nonpolar single bonds in neutral species with qualitative accuracy, due to the lack of significant delocalization error. We however find that many…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-03-15 Diptarka Hait , Adam Rettig , Martin Head-Gordon

Within density-functional theory, the local-density approximation (LDA) correlation functional is typically built by fitting the difference between the near-exact and Hartree-Fock (HF) energies of the uniform electron gas (UEG), together…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2017-05-01 Fergus J. M. Rogers , Caleb J. Ball , Pierre-François Loos

Density Functional Theory (DFT) is widely used for atomistic simulations. However, its reach stays limited due to several limitations such as lack of accurate exchange-correlation functional, requirement of costly O(N 3) diagonalization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Namrata Manglani , Samrit Kumar Maity , Shashank Sharma , Soham Phulare , Sanjay Wandhekar

Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) is a widely-used electronic structure theory for materials as well as molecules. DFT is needed especially for large systems, ab initio molecular dynamics, and high-throughput searches for functional…

Charge traps in the semiconductor bulk (bulk charge traps) make it difficult to predict the electric field within wide-bandgap semiconductors. The issue is the daunting number of bulk charge-trap candidates which means the treatment of bulk…

Accurate theoretical prediction of the band offsets at interfaces of semiconductor heterostructures can often be quite challenging. Although density functional theory has been reasonably successful to carry out such calculations and…

Density-functional theory is a formally exact description of a many-body quantum system in terms of its density; in practice, however, approximations to the universal density functional are required. In this work, a model based on deep…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-08-02 Jeffrey M. McMahon

We introduce a generalization (gLDA) of the traditional Local Density Approximation (LDA) within density functional theory. The gLDA uses both the one-electron Seitz radius $\rs$ and a two-electron hole curvature parameter $\eta$ at each…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Pierre-François Loos , Caleb J. Ball , Peter M. W. Gill

In their famous paper Kohn and Sham formulated a formally exact density-functional theory (DFT) for the ground-state energy and density of a system of $N$ interacting electrons, albeit limited at the time by certain troubling…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Miquel Huix-Rotllant , Mark E. Casida

We present an improved method to calculate defect formation energies that overcomes the band-gap problem of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (DFT) and reduces the self-interaction error of the local-density approximation (LDA) to DFT. We…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-13 Patrick Rinke , Anderson Janotti , Matthias Scheffler , Chris G. Van de Walle

This article is a rough, quirky overview of both the history and present state of the art of density functional theory. The field is so huge that no attempt to be comprehensive is made. We focus on the underlying exact theory, the origin of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Aurora Pribram-Jones , David A. Gross , Kieron Burke

Analytical and numerical calculations for a reduced Fermi-Pasta-Ulam chain demonstrate that energy localization does not require more than one conserved quantity. Clear evidence for the existence of a sharp delocalization-localization…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-09-15 D. Hajnal , R. Schilling

Since the development of generalized gradient approximations in the 1990s, approximations based on density functional theory have dominated electronic structure theory calculations. Modern approximations can yield energy differences that…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Tim Gould

First-principles density functional theory (DFT) codes which employ a localized basis offer advantages over those which use plane-wave bases, such as better scaling with system size and better suitability to low-dimensional systems. The…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-11-25 Daniel Bennett , Michele Pizzochero , Javier Junquera , Efthimios Kaxiras

Most computational studies in chemistry and materials science are based on the use of density functional theory. Although the exact density functional is unknown, several density functional approximations (DFAs) offer a good balance of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Susi Lehtola , Miguel A. L. Marques

The Jacob's ladder of density functional theory (DFT) proposes the compelling view that by extending the form of successful approximations -- being guided by exact conditions and selected (least empirical) norms -- upper rungs will do…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-02-25 Jacques K. Desmarais , Alessandro Erba , Giovanni Vignale , Stefano Pittalis