Related papers: Heavy Ion Collisions and New Forms of Matter
Our current knowledge of the quark-gluon plasma in thermodynamical equilibrium is reviewed. The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter is discussed, with emphasis on the quark-hadron phase transition and the color-superconducting…
This work presents the first Bayesian inference study of the (3+1)D dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) viscosities using an event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics + hadronic transport theoretical…
The reach of collider energies in heavy-ion collisions has profoundly changed our understanding of QCD under extreme conditions. I review some these new developments and comment on the properties of the produced medium as extracted from…
We review the properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at finite temperature $T$ and baryon chemical potential $\mu_B$ as created in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. The description of the strongly…
It is argued that in heavy ion collisions at LHC there could be a sizeable production of baryons containing two or three heavy quarks from statistical coalescence. This production mechanism is peculiar of Quark Gluon Plasma and the…
The two arguably most generic phenomena seen in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions are the flow of essentially all soft hadronic observables and the quenching of essentially all hard hadronic observables. Limiting the discussion to…
The interest in studying heavy-flavor hadronization in high-energy nuclear collisions is twofold. On one hand hadronization represents a source of systematic uncertainties in phenomenological attempts of extracting heavy-flavor transport…
The quark-gluon plasma, possibly created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, is a strongly interacting many-body parton system. By comparison with strongly coupled electromagnetic plasmas (classical and non-relativistic) it is…
In a previous work hep-ph/0203165 we have studied propagation of relativistic particles in the bulk for some of most popular brane models. Constraints have been put on the parameter space of these models by calculating the time delay due to…
The ultra-relativistic heavy-ion programs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider have evolved into a phase of quantitative studies of Quantum Chromodynamics at very high temperatures. The charm and bottom…
In very high energy collisions nuclei are practically transparent to each other but produce very hot, nearly baryon-free, matter in the so-called central rapidity region. The energy in the central rapidity region comes from the kinetic…
Understanding the hadronization of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) remains a challenging problem in the study of strong-interaction matter as produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHICs). The large mass of heavy quarks renders…
It is known that the proton is overpopulated by gluons and is characterized as a highly dense medium at high collision energies. From this, the formation of a new state of matter called Color Glass Condensate (CGC) is expected, and an open…
The diffusion of heavy quarks through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) as produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions has long been recognized as an excellent probe of its transport properties. In addition, the experimentally observed…
When probed at very high energies or small Bjorken x_bj, QCD degrees of freedom manifest themselves as a medium of dense gluon matter called the Color Glass Condensate. Its key property is the presence of a density induced correlation…
The high energy limit of QCD is controlled by the small-$x$ part of a hadron wavefunction. We argue that this part is universal to all hadrons and is composed of a new form of matter: a Colored Glass Condensate. This matter is weakly…
It has been theorized that if heavy nuclei (e.g. Au, Pb) are collided at sufficiently high energies, we might be to recreate the conditions that existed in the universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang. The kinetic energy of the…
The unique physics opportunities accessible with nuclear collisions at the CERN Future Circular Collider (FCC) are summarized. Lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-lead (pPb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 and 63 TeV respectively with…
Completely unexplored regimes of QCD, dominated by high-density/temperature effects, are available in heavy ion experiments at collider energies. The successful RHIC program shows how relevant the high transverse momentum part of the…
We review key measurements performed by CMS in the context of its heavy ion physics program, using event samples collected in 2010-2018 with several collision systems and energies. These studies provide detailed macroscopic and microscopic…