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In the following, we offer a novel approach to modeling the observed effects currently attributed to the theoretical concepts of `dark energy', `dark matter', and `dark flow'. Instead of assuming the existence of these theoretical concepts,…
We consider various mechanisms of modifying the effect of intrinsic curvature in gravity with respect to general relativity. Two primary approaches are studied. First, by considering a Lagrange multiplier or an auxiliary field. Second, by…
By using a nonholonomous-frame formulation of the general covariance principle, seen as an active version of the strong equivalence principle, an analysis of the gravitational coupling prescription in the presence of curvature and torsion…
The curvature of a spacetime, either in a topological sense, or averaged over super-horizon-sized patches, is often equated with the global curvature term that appears in Friedmann's equation. In general, however, the Universe is…
In Part I of this series, the author has shown how to extend the framework of Riemannian geometry so as to include infinitesimals of higher than first order. The purpose of the present contribution is to initiate an investigation into the…
The formalism of classical particle dynamics is reinvestigated according to the basic requirement of causal consistency, and a new equation of particle dynamics, which is more general and more in line with classical mechanics experiments…
A covariant reformulation of General Relativity is briefly considered from three points of view: geometrodynamics, Lagrange-Euler field theory, and gauge field theory. From a geometrodynamics perspective, a definition of the reference frame…
We generalize Fermi coordinates, which correspond to an adapted set of coordinates describing the vicinity of an observer's worldline, to the worldsheet of an arbitrary spatial curve in a static spacetime. The spatial coordinate axes are…
The new manifestation of conformal invariance for a massless scalar particle in a Riemannian spacetime of general relativity is found. Conformal transformations conserve the Hamiltonian and wave function in the Foldy-Wouthuysen…
A modern re-visitation of the consequences of the lack of an intrinsic notion of instantaneous 3-space in relativistic theories leads to a reformulation of their kinematical basis emphasizing the role of non-inertial frames centered on an…
It was generally believed that, in general relativity, the fundamental laws of nature should be invariant or covariant under a general coordinate transformation. In general relativity, the equivalence principle tells us the existence of a…
Gravity is a phenomenon which arises due to the space-time geometry. The main equations that describe gravity are the Einstein equations. To understand the consequences of these field equations we need to calculate the free particle…
The curvature of the inertial or gravitational potentials defined as a Hodge-Helmholtz decomposition of acceleration into an irrotational and a solenoidal components, enable to federate certain domains of macroscopic physics. After two…
The geometric foundations of General Relativity are revisited, with particular attention to its gauge invariance, as a key to understanding the true nature of spacetime. Beyond the common image of spacetime as a deformable 'fabric' filling…
In this work, we study various properties of embedded hypersurfaces in $1+1+2$ decomposed spacetimes with a preferred spatial direction, denoted $e^{\mu}$, which are orthogonal to the fluid flow velocity of the spacetime and admit a proper…
General covariant expressions for measurable angles, distances, velocities, and accelerations are provided in terms of fundamental parameters that can be applied in any setup. The relativistic aberration of light relationship is presented…
In Part I of the present series of papers, we adumbrate our idea of Riemannian geometry to higher order in the infinitesimals and derive expressions for the appropriate generalizations of parallel transport and the Riemannian curvature…
We present a formulation of the generalised uncertainty principle based on commutator $\left[ {\hat x}^i, {\hat p}_j \right]$ between position and momentum operators defined in a covariant manner using normal coordinates. We show how any…
The task of quantizing gravity is compared with Einstein's relativization of gravity. The philosophical and physical foundations of general relativity are briefly reviewed. The Ehlers-Pirani-Schild scheme of operationally determining the…
We examine the variational and conformal structures of higher order theories of gravity which are derived from a metric-connection Lagrangian that is an arbitrary function of the curvature invariants. We show that the constrained first…