Related papers: Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of q…
We discuss the operation of the superconductor - insulator - normal-metal - insulator - superconductor (SINIS) turnstile. This voltage-biased hybrid single-electron transistor (SET) provides current quantization even with only one…
Accuracy of single-electron currents produced in hybrid turnstiles at high operation frequencies is, among other errors, limited by electrons tunnelling in the wrong direction. Increasing the barrier transparency between the island and the…
We report on the realization of a single-electron source, where current is transported through a single-level quantum dot (Q), tunnel-coupled to two superconducting leads (S). When driven with an ac gate voltage, the experiment demonstrates…
We have investigated the static, charge-trapping properties of a hybrid superconductor---normal metal electron turnstile embedded into a high-ohmic environment. The device includes a local Cr resistor on one side of the turnstile, and a…
We perform in-situ detection of individual electrons pumped through a single-electron turnstile based on ultrasmall normal metal - insulator - superconductor tunnel junctions. In our setup, limited by the detector bandwidth, at low…
Hybrid turnstiles have proven to generate accurate single-electron currents. The usual operation consists of applying a periodic modulation to a capacitively coupled gate electrode and requires a non-zero DC source-drain bias voltage. Under…
Controlling electrons at the level of elementary charge $e$ has been demonstrated experimentally already in the 1980's. Ever since, producing an electrical current $ef$, or its integer multiple, at a drive frequency $f$ has been in a focus…
We investigate the properties of a hybrid single electron transistor, involving a small superconducting island sandwiched between normal metal leads, which is driven by dc plus ac voltages. In order to describe its properties we derive from…
Although the measurement of current is now defined with respect to the electronic charge, producing a current standard based on a single-electron source remains challenging. The error rate of a source must be below 0.01 ppm, and many such…
We propose the concept of a quantized single-electron source based on the interplay between Coulomb blockade and magnetic flux-controllable superconducting proximity effect. We show that flux dependence of the induced energy gap in the…
We present an experimental study of hybrid turnstiles with high charging energies in comparison to the superconducting gap. The device is modeled with the sequential tunneling approximation. The backtunneling effect is shown to limit the…
We present experiments on a superconductor-normal metal electron refrigerator in a regime where single-electron charging effects are significant. The system functions as a heat transistor, i.e., the heat flux out from the normal metal…
Phase-tunable hybrid devices, built upon nanostructures combining normal metal and superconductors, have been the subject of intense studies due to their numerous combinations of different charge and heat transport configurations. They…
Gate-tunable Josephson junctions (JJs) are the backbone of superconducting classical and quantum computation. Typically, these systems exploit low charge concentration materials, and present technological diffculties limiting their…
With the anticipated redefinition of the international system of units (SI) the base units will be linked to fundamental constants of nature [1]. As for the electrical base unit "Ampere", it will be linked to the elementary charge e,…
Single-electron transistors have been proposed to be used as a read-out device for Cooper pair charge qubits. Here we show that a coupled superconducting transistor at a threshold voltage is much more effective in measuring the state of a…
Hybrid superconductor/semiconductor devices constitute a powerful platform where intriguing topological properties can be investigated. Here we present fabrication methods and analysis of Josephson junctions formed by a high-mobility InAs…
We perform a theoretical study of non-equilibrium effects in charge transport through a hybrid single-electron transistor based on a small normal metal (N) island with the gate-controlled number of electrons, tunnel-coupled to…
Interplay of cotunneling and single-electron tunneling in a thermally isolated single-electron transistor (SET) leads to peculiar overheating effects. In particular, there is an interesting crossover interval where the competition between…
We review the status of the understanding of single-electron transport (SET) devices with respect to their applicability in metrology. Their envisioned role as the basis of a high-precision electrical standard is outlined and is discussed…