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Quantum error correction codes (QECC) are a key component for realizing the potential of quantum computing. QECC, as its classical counterpart (ECC), enables the reduction of error rates, by distributing quantum logical information across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Yoni Choukroun , Lior Wolf

In general, fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) procedures are designed to detect, correct, and be fault-tolerant against errors occurring within the qubit subspace. But in some qubit implementations, additional "leakage" errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-09 Ben Fortescue , Sameer Nawaf , Mark Byrd

We propose a new approach to study the evolution of a quantum state that is encoded in a system which is continuously subject to the operations required to implement a quantum error correcting code. In the limit of continuous error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juan Pablo Paz , Wojciech Hubert Zurek

Quantum error correction (QEC) is often implemented on hardware that experiences biased noise, where dephasing errors occur more frequently than other errors. This has motivated many recent efforts to develop bias-tailored QEC codes, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Arianna Meinking , Julie Campos , Kenneth R. Brown

This is an exposition of some of the aspects of quantum computation and quantum information that have connections with operator theory. After a brief introduction, we discuss quantum algorithms. We outline basic properties of quantum…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David W. Kribs

The sensitivity afforded by quantum sensors is limited by decoherence. Quantum error correction (QEC) can enhance sensitivity by suppressing decoherence, but it has a side-effect: it biases a sensor's output in realistic settings. If…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Ivan Rojkov , David Layden , Paola Cappellaro , Jonathan Home , Florentin Reiter

We propose and analyze a new approach based on quantum error correction (QEC) to improve quantum metrology in the presence of noise. We identify the conditions under which QEC allows one to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-29 Eric M. Kessler , Igor Lovchinsky , Alexander O. Sushkov , Mikhail D. Lukin

Errors are inevitable during all kinds quantum informational tasks and quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) are powerful tools to fight various quantum noises. For standard QECCs physical systems have the same number of energy levels.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Zhuo Wang , Sixia Yu , Heng Fan , C. H. Oh

We provide a systematic way of constructing entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes via graph states in the scenario of preexisting perfectly protected qubits. It turns out that the preexisting entanglement can help beat the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-10 Ying Dong , Xiuhao Deng , Mingming Jiang , Qing Chen , Sixia Yu

The goal of this paper is to review the theoretical basis for achieving a faithful quantum information transmission and processing in the presence of noise. Initially encoding and decoding, implementing gates and quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. J. Salas

A key challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computing is synthesising and optimising circuits in a noisy environment, as traditional techniques often fail to account for the effect of noise on circuits. In this work, we propose and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Benjamin Rodatz , Boldizsár Poór , Aleks Kissinger

Designing efficient fault tolerance schemes is crucial for building useful quantum computers. Most standard schemes assume no knowledge of the underlying device noise and rely on general-purpose quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes capable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Long D. H. My , Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) has been proposed as an alternative method of quantum error correction to compensate errors in quantum systems without qubit overhead. While Markovian gate errors on digital quantum computers have been mainly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-09 Hideaki Hakoshima , Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Suguru Endo

We describe a method to execute globally controlled quantum information processing which admits a fault tolerant quantum error correction scheme. Our scheme nominally uses three species of addressable two-level systems which are arranged in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-10 J. Fitzsimons , J. Twamley

We present a general-purpose quantum error correction primitive based on state purification via the SWAP test, which we refer to as purification quantum error correction (PQEC). This method operates on $N$ noisy copies, requires minimally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Jonathan Raghoonanan , Tim Byrnes

We develop connections between generalised notions of entanglement and quantum computational devices where the measurements available are restricted, either because they are noisy and/or because by design they are only along Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-18 N. Ratanje , S. Virmani

We investigate a novel class of quantum error correcting codes to correct errors on both qubits and higher-state quantum systems represented as qudits. These codes arise from an original graph-theoretic representation of sets of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Robert Vandermolen , Duncan Wright

Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Correcting errors due to noise in quantum circuits run on current and near-term quantum hardware is essential for any convincing demonstration of quantum advantage. Indeed, in many cases it has been shown that noise renders quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Rawad Mezher , James Mills , Elham Kashefi

A fault-tolerant approach to reliable quantum memory is essential for scalable quantum computing, as physical qubits are susceptible to noise. Quantum error correction (QEC) must be continuously performed to prolong the memory lifetime. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai