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In these lectures general relativity is outlined as the classical field theory of gravity, emphasizing physical phenomena rather than mathematical formalism. Dynamical solutions representing traveling waves as well as stationary fields like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 J. W. van Holten

We deduce a set of circularly polarized Gaussian laser beam modes via a separation-of-variables solution to the Helmholtz wave equation in oblate spheriodal coordinates. On transforming to cylindrical coordinates these become the well-known…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kirk T. McDonald

The direct detection of gravitational waves opens the possibility to test general relativity and its alternatives in the strong field regime. Here we focus on the test of the existence of extra dimensions. The classification of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-26 Yu-Qiang Liu , Yu-Qi Dong , Yu-Xiao Liu

The strongly lensed gravitational wave (SLGW) is a promising transient phenomenon. However, the long-wave nature of gravitational waves poses a significant challenge in identification of its host galaxy. To tackle this challenge, we propose…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-08 Xikai Shan , Bin Hu , Xuechun Chen , Rong-Gen Cai

We establish that de Broglie's wave, as it is introduced in his Thesis, is not a wave on a given space, but on the contrary itself determines a system in which Special Relativity is locally valid. This local system is a physical object,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Satyanad Kichenassamy

Wave effects are often neglected in microlensing studies; however, for coherent point-like sources, such as pulsars and fast radio bursts (FRBs), wave effects will become important in their gravitational lensing. In this paper, we describe…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-12 Dylan L. Jow , Simon Foreman , Ue-Li Pen , Wei Zhu

The characterization of nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) with pulsar-timing arrays requires a continual expansion of datasets and monitored pulsars. Whereas detection of the stochastic GW background is predicated on measuring a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-11 Stephen R. Taylor , Joseph Simon , Levi Schult , Nihan Pol , William G. Lamb

The Bessel beam is discussed, including its historical development. We present the relationship with the Arago Spot, annular pupils, axicons and pupil filters. We also discuss Bessel-Gauss beams; higher order Bessel beams; electromagnetic…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-09 Colin J. R. Sheppard

A small fraction of the gravitational-wave (GW) signals that will be detected by second and third generation detectors are expected to be strongly lensed by galaxies and clusters, producing multiple observable copies. While optimal Bayesian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-05 Srashti Goyal , Harikrishnan D. , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Parameswaran Ajith

We present a study of geometric phases in classical wave and polarisation optics using the basic mathematical framework of quantum mechanics. Important physical situations taken from scalar wave optics, pure polarisation optics, and the…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-18 N. Mukunda , S. Chaturvedi , R. Simon

Preservation of the angle of reflection when an internal gravity wave hits a sloping boundary generates a focusing mechanism if the angle between the direction of propagation of the incident wave and the horizontal is close to the slope…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Roberta Bianchini , Thierry Paul

Dispersive shock waves (DSWs) are expanding nonlinear wave trains that arise when dispersion regularizes a steepening front, a phenomenon observed in fluids, plasmas, optics, and superfluids. Here we report the first experimental…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 H. McCright , I. G. Abel , I. Haber , P. G. O'Shea , B. L. Beaudoin

We discuss "the plane wave approximation" to quantum mechanical scattering using simple one-dimensional examples. The central points of the paper are that (a) plane waves should be thought of as infinitely wide wave packets, and (b) the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-09 Travis Norsen , Joshua Lande , S. B. McKagan

We discuss the gravitational lensing of gravitational wave signals from coalescing binaries. We delineate the regime where wave effects are significant from the regime where geometric limit can be used. Further, we focus on the effect of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-18 Ashish Kumar Meena , J S Bagla

This is an overview article of the mathematics of gravitational waves. We explain the mathematics and physics of these waves in general relativity theory, discuss the gravitational wave experiment aLIGO and their detection of gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-11 Lydia Bieri , David Garfinkle , Nicolas Yunes

This article provides a survey on some main results and recent developments in the mathematical theory of water waves. More precisely, we briefly discuss the mathematical modeling of water waves and then we give an overview of local and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-05-17 Wolf-Patrick Düll

This paper investigates the novel phenomenon of gravitational lensing experienced by gravitational waves traveling past a Schwarzschild black hole perturbed by a specific, first-order, polar gravitational wave. We utilize the Gauss-Bonnet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-23 Reggie C. Pantig , Ali Övgün

We hereby propose an alternative and additional angle on the nature of gravitational waves (GWs), postulating the theoretical and experimental possibility that GWs carry a deformation of the time component of spacetime, other than the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-06 Stefano Bondani , Sergio Luigi Cacciatori

Recent advancements in gravitational wave astronomy hold the promise of a completely new way to explore our Universe. These lecture notes aim to provide a concise but self-contained introduction to key concepts of gravitational wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-16 Valerie Domcke

We rigorously calculate the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves by rectangular and random arrays of dielectric cylinders in a uniform medium. For regular arrays, the band structures are computed and complete bandgaps are…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Bikash C. Gupta , Yu-Yu Chen , Zhen Ye