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This is a brief history of photons, both soft and hard, real and virtual. About 150-100 years ago, Maxwell and Einstein discovered intriguing properties of electromagnetic fields and how to understand them both macroscopically and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-04-16 C. A. Bertulani

Momentum and spin represent fundamental dynamical properties of quantum particles and fields. In particular, propagating optical waves (photons) carry momentum and longitudinal spin determined by the wave vector and circular polarization,…

Optics · Physics 2014-03-25 Konstantin Y. Bliokh , Aleksandr Y. Bekshaev , Franco Nori

Quantum tunneling through an almost classical potential barrier can be strongly enhanced by a nonstationary field so that the penetration through the barrier becomes not exponentially small. This constitutes an extremely unusual phenomenon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Ivlev

Feynman's path integrals provide a hidden variable description of quantum mechanics (and quantum field theories). The time evolution kernel is unitary in Minkowski time, but generically it becomes real and non-negative in Euclidean time. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Apoorva Patel

The Einstein-First project approaches the teaching of Einsteinian physics through the use of physical models and analogies. This paper presents an approach to the teaching of quantum physics which begins by emphasising the particle-nature…

Physics Education · Physics 2017-10-11 Tejinder Kaur , David Blair , John Moschilla , Marjan Zadnik

This paper describes an algorithmic system called SQT for the computer simulation of a wide class of quantum experiments on entangled particles. SQT maintains a hidden internal state for each particle and it provides an initialization…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-11-28 John R Rankin

Quantum entanglement is central to both the foundations of quantum mechanics and the development of new technologies in information processing, communication, and sensing. Entanglement has been realised in a variety of physical systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Jan-Wilke Henke , Hao Jeng , Murat Sivis , Claus Ropers

Exceptional points (EPs), i.e. branch point singularities of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, are ubiquitous in optics. So far, the signatures of EPs have been mostly studied assuming classical light. In the passive parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-11 Stefano Longhi

Fundamental quantum electrodynamical (QED) processes such as spontaneous emission and electron-photon scattering encompass a wealth of phenomena that form one of the cornerstones of modern science and technology. Conventionally,…

Tunneling of a quasibound state is a non-smooth process in the entangled many-body case. Using time-evolving block decimation, we show that repulsive (attractive) interactions speed up (slow down) tunneling, which occurs in bursts. While…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2017-05-31 Diego A. Alcala , Joseph A. Glick , Lincoln D. Carr

Exotic electronic states are realized in novel quantum materials. This field is revolutionized by the topological classification of materials. Such compounds necessarily host unique states on their boundaries. Scanning tunneling microscopy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Nurit Avraham , Jonathan Reiner , Abhay Kumar-Nayak , Noam Morali , Rajib Batabyal , Binghai Yan , Haim Beidenkopf

Quantum physics allows for entanglement between microscopic and macroscopic objects, described by discrete and continuous variables, respectively. As in Schr\"odinger's famous cat gedanken experiment, a box enclosing the objects can keep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-18 Bastian Hacker , Stephan Welte , Severin Daiss , Armin Shaukat , Stephan Ritter , Lin Li , Gerhard Rempe

Entanglement is a vital property of multipartite quantum systems, characterised by the inseparability of quantum states of objects regardless of their spatial separation. Generation of entanglement between increasingly macroscopic and…

We look for manifestations of quantum interference effects in the Seebeck coefficient of a molecular junction, when the electronic conductance exhibits pronounced destructive interference features due to the presence of quasi-degenerate…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Lena Simine , Wei Jia Chen , Dvira Segal

This paper proposes an interpretation of quantum mechanics, relying on the time-symmetric stochastic dynamics of quantum particles and on non-classical probability theory. Our main purpose is to demonstrate that the wave function and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Charalampos Antonakos

An electron tunneling across a junction integrated into an electric circuit can generate an excitation in the photonic field (electromagnetic environment) and lose energy in the process. Such inelastic tunneling of particles is commonly…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Ádám Bácsi , Rok Žitko

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) investigates the interaction between light confined in a resonator and particles, such as atoms. In recent years, CQED experiments have reached the optical domain resulting in many interesting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-14 Michael Scheucher , Jürgen Volz , Arno Rauschenbeutel

Quantum theory is extremely successful in explaining most physical phenomena, and is not contradicted by any experiment. Yet, the theory has many puzzling features : the occurrence of probabilities, the unclear distinction between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-07 T. P. Singh

Prompted by the longstanding interpretational controversy in quantum mechanics, quantum tunneling is heuristically addressed within the Everettian quantum multiverse. In this framework, the universal wavefunction splits into decohered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 S. E. Ennadifi

Besides their stunning physical properties which are unmatched in a classical world, squeezed states of electromagnetic radiation bear advanced application potentials in quantum information systems and precision metrology, including…