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Virtual particles expected to occur in microscopic processes as they are introduced, for instance by Feynman in the Quantum Electro Dynamics, as photons performing in an anonymous way in the interaction between two electrons. This note…

General Physics · Physics 2022-10-17 Guenter Nimtz

Experiments with evanescent modes and tunneling particles have shown that i) their signal velocity may be faster than light, ii) they are described by virtual particles, iii) they are nonlocal and act at a distance, iv) experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Guenter Nimtz

A macroscopic realization of the strange virtual particles is presented. The classical Helmholtz and the quantum mechanical Schr\"odinger equations are analogous differential equations. Their imaginary solutions are called evanescent modes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-19 G. Nimtz

Contrary to mechanical waves, the two-slit interference experiment of single photons shows that the behavior of classical electromagnetic waves corresponds to the quantum mechanical one of single photons, which is also different from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhi-Yong Wang , Cai-Dong Xiong , Bing He

A relativistic quantum-mechanical description of guided waves is given, based on which we present an alternative way to describe and interpret the propagation of electromagnetic wave packets through an undersized waveguide. In particular,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhi-Yong Wang , Cai-Dong Xiong , Bing He

An evanescent wave is a non-propagating wave with an imaginary wave vector. In this study, we prove that these are solutions of the tachyon-like Klein Gordon equation, and that in the tunneling of ultrarelativistic half integer spin…

General Physics · Physics 2019-09-16 Luca Nanni

We analyze an experiment in which a thin wire is scanned across the overlap of two in phase photon beams. We find that unless the wire induces the formation of an interference pattern, the complementarity inequality is violated. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Eduardo V. Flores

The refinement and specifications of time-energy uncertainty relations have shown that the experimentally observed phenomena of superluminal signaling are describable by such their form: $\Delta E\Delta\tau\geq\pi\hbar$, where both standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. E. Perel'man

In classical mechanics and electromagnetism, interference occurs when two or more waves overlap at the same point in spacetime. However, the advent of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and its remarkable success in describing light-matter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Alan C. Santos , Celso J. Villas-Boas

Applying the fact that guided photons inside a waveguide can be treated as massive particles, one can study the superluminality of evanescent modes via showing that a massive particle can propagate over a spacelike interval, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-12 Zhi-Yong Wang , Cai-Dong Xiong

Understanding the interaction between cavity photons and electronic nanocircuits is crucial for the development of Mesoscopic Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). One has to combine ingredients from atomic Cavity QED, like orbital degrees of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Audrey Cottet , Takis Kontos , Benoit Douçot

Advances in isolating, controlling and entangling quantum systems are transforming what was once a curious feature of quantum mechanics into a vehicle for disruptive scientific and technological progress. Pursuing the vision articulated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Natalie Klco , Alessandro Roggero , Martin J. Savage

Tunneling is an important physical process. The observation that particles surmount a high mountain in spite of the fact that they don't have the necessary energy cannot be explained by classical physics. However, this so called tunneling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. Nimtz , A. A. Stahlhofen

Though both theoretical and experimental investigations have revealed the superluminal behavior of evanescent electromagnetic waves, there are many disputes about the physical meaning and validity of such superluminal phenomenon, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Zhi-Yong Wang , Cai-Dong Xiong

Simulating quantum many-body systems on a classical computer generally requires a computational cost that grows exponential with the number of particles. This computational complexity has been the main obstacle to understanding various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-12 Jirawat Tangpanitanon , Dimitris G. Angelakis

Quantum superposition is normally sustained in a microscopic regime governed by Heisenberg uncertainty principle applicable to a single particle. Quantum correlation between paired particles implies the violation of local realism governed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 B. S. Ham

Interfacing stationary qubits with propagating photons is a fundamental problem in quantum technology. Cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) invokes a mediator degree of freedom in the form of a far-detuned cavity mode, the adaptation of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Nathanaël Cottet , Haonan Xiong , Long B. Nguyen , Yen-Hsiang Lin , Vladimir E. Manucharyan

We discuss mode-entangled states based on the optical transverse modes of the optical field propagating in multi-mode waveguides, which are classical analogs of the quantum entangled states. The analogs are discussed in detail, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jian Fu , Zhijian Si , Shaofang Tang , Jian Deng

Quantum tunneling, a phenomenon which has no counterpart in classical physics, is the quantum-mechanical process by which a microscopic particle can transition through a potential barrier even when the energy of the incident particle is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-02-04 Raul J. Martin-Palma

Circuit QED techniques have been instrumental to manipulate and probe with exquisite sensitivity the quantum state of superconducting quantum bits coupled to microwave cavities. Recently, it has become possible to fabricate new devices…

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