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Recent Juno observations have suggested that the heavy elements in Jupiter could be diluted throughout a large fraction of its gaseous envelope, providing a stabilising compositional gradient over an extended region of the planet. This…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-26 Quentin André , Stéphane Mathis , Adrian J. Barker

Interior to the gaseous envelopes of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, there are high-density cores with masses larger than 10 Earth masses. According to the conventional sequential accretion hypothesis, such massive cores are needed for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Shu Lin Li , C. B. Agnor , D. N. C. Lin

We calculate the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the acoustic oscillations of giant exoplanets and explore the dependence of the characteristic frequency and the eigenfrequencies on several parameters: the planet mass, the planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Bastien Le Bihan , Adam Burrows

Aerodynamic theory predicts that dust grains in protoplanetary disks will drift radially inward on comparatively short timescales. In this context, it has long been known that the presence of a gap opened by a planet can alter the dust…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Philipp Weber , Pablo Benítez-Llambay , Oliver Gressel , Leonardo Krapp , Martin E. Pessah

The primordial structure of Jupiter remains uncertain, yet it holds vital clues on the planet's formation and early evolution. Recent work used dynamical constraints from Jupiter's inner moons to determine its primordial state, thereby…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Henrik Knierim , Konstantin Batygin , Ravit Helled , Luca Morf , Fred C. Adams

The formation of a circumplanetary disk and accretion of angular momentum onto a protoplanetary system are investigated using 3D hydrodynamical simulations. The local region around a protoplanet in a protoplanetary disk is considered with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-10-16 Masahiro N. Machida

Modeling the interior of exoplanets is essential to go further than the conclusions provided by mean density measurements. In addition to the still limited precision on the planets' fundamental parameters, models are limited by the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-06 B. Brugger , O. Mousis , M. Deleuil , F. Deschamps

The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 John Chambers

The Juno mission has provided measurements of Jupiter s gravity field with an outstanding level of accuracy, leading to better constraints on the interior of the planet. Improving our knowledge of the internal structure of Jupiter is key to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 S. Howard , T. Guillot , M. Bazot , Y. Miguel , D. J. Stevenson , E. Galanti , Y. Kaspi , W. B. Hubbard , B. Militzer , R. Helled , N. Nettelmann , B. Idini , S. Bolton

The limited completeness of the Kepler sample for planets with orbital periods $\gtrsim$ 1 yr leaves open the possibility that exoplanetary systems may host undetected giant planets. Should such planets exist, their dynamical interactions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-20 T. O. Hands , R. D. Alexander

We study water-hydrogen mixtures under planetary interior conditions using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We determine the thermodynamic properties of various water-hydrogen mixing ratios at temperatures of 2000 and 6000 K for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-28 Francois Soubiran , Burkhard Militzer

In the standard model for giant planet formation, the planetary growth begins with accretion of solids followed by a buildup of a gaseous atmosphere as more solids are accreted, and finally, by rapid accretion of gas. The interaction of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-08 Claudio Valletta , Ravit Helled

Jupiter's deep abundances help to constrain the formation history of the planet and the environment of the protoplanetary nebula. Juno recently measured Jupiter's deep oxygen abundance near the equator to be 2.2$_{-2.1}^{+3.9}$ times the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-24 Thibault Cavalié , Jonathan Lunine , Olivier Mousis

[Abridged] We model the growth of Jupiter via core nucleated accretion, applying constraints from hydrodynamical processes that result from the disk-planet interaction. We compute the planet's internal structure using a Henyey-type stellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-20 Jack J. Lissauer , Olenka Hubickyj , Gennaro D'Angelo , Peter Bodenheimer

Heavy elements, even though its smaller constituent, are crucial to understand Jupiter formation history. Interior models are used to determine the amount of heavy elements in Jupiter interior, nevertheless this range is still subject to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-14 Yamila Miguel , Tristan Guillot , Lucile Fayon

First-principle modeling of dense hydrogen is crucial in materials and planetary sciences. Despite its apparent simplicity, predicting the ionic and electronic structure of hydrogen is a formidable challenge, and it is connected with the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Cesare Cozza , Kousuke Nakano , Saburo Howard , Hao Xie , Ravit Helled , Guglielmo Mazzola

Using the helium abundance measured by Galileo in the atmosphere of Jupiter and interior models reproducing the observed external gravitational field, we derive new constraints on the composition and structure of the planet. We conclude…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Tristan Guillot , Daniel Gautier , William B. Hubbard

High contrast imaging instruments such as GPI and SPHERE are discovering gap structures in protoplanetary disks at an ever faster pace. Some of these gaps may be opened by planets forming in the disks. In order to constrain planet formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Ruobing Dong , Jeffrey Fung

Recent observations of gaps and non-axisymmetric features in the dust distributions of transition disks have been interpreted as evidence of embedded massive protoplanets. However, comparing the predictions of planet-disk interaction models…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-16 Alexander J. W. Richert , Wladimir Lyra , Aaron Boley , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Neal Turner

Systems of close-in super-Earths display striking diversity in planetary bulk density and composition. Giant impacts are expected to play a role in the formation of many of these worlds. Previous works, focused on the mechanical shock…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-27 John B. Biersteker , Hilke E. Schlichting