Related papers: Neutrality and Many-Valued Logics
The importance of intuitionistic temporal logics in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence has become increasingly clear in the last few years. From the proof-theory point of view, intuitionistic temporal logics have made it possible…
We propose a novel framework seamlessly providing key properties of both neural nets (learning) and symbolic logic (knowledge and reasoning). Every neuron has a meaning as a component of a formula in a weighted real-valued logic, yielding a…
Team semantics is the mathematical basis of modern logics of dependence and independence. In contrast to classical Tarski semantics, a formula is evaluated not for a single assignment of values to the free variables, but on a set of such…
The four-valued semantics of Belnap--Dunn logic, consisting of the truth values True, False, Neither, and Both, gives rise to several non-classical logics depending on which feature of propositions we wish to preserve: truth, non-falsity,…
We present tableau calculi for some logics of nonmonotonic reasoning, as defined by Kraus, Lehmann and Magidor. We give a tableau proof procedure for all KLM logics, namely preferential, loop-cumulative, cumulative and rational logics. Our…
The semantic web is an open and distributed environment in which it is hard to guarantee consistency of knowledge and information. Under the standard two-valued semantics everything is entailed if knowledge and information is inconsistent.…
The characterizing properties of a proof-theoretical presentation of a given logic may hang on the choice of proof formalism, on the shape of the logical rules and of the sequents manipulated by a given proof system, on the underlying…
Non-Archimedean mathematics (in particular, nonstandard analysis) allows to construct some useful models to study certain phenomena arising in PDE's; for example, it allows to construct generalized solutions of differential equations and…
We study real numbers defined by multidimensional automatic arrays weighted by multiplicatively independent bases. Let $a_1, \dots, a_r\geq 2$ be integers such that $\log a_1, \dots, \log a_r$ are $\mathbb Q$-linearly independent. Given…
Logical bilateralism challenges traditional concepts of logic by treating assertion and denial as independent yet opposed acts. While initially devised to justify classical logic, its constructive variants show that both acts admit…
Multi-valued logical models can be used to describe biological networks on a high level of abstraction based on the network structure and logical parameters capturing regulatory effects. Interestingly, the dynamics of two distinct models…
It is well-known that a Hilbert-style deduction system for first-order classical logic is sound and complete for a model theory built using all Boolean algebras as truth-value algebras if and only if it is sound and complete for a model…
Aristotle's discussions on modal syllogistic have often been viewed as error-prone and have garnered significant attention in the literature due to historical and philosophical interests. However, from a contemporary standpoint, they also…
We look at characterizing which formulas are expressible in rich decidable logics such as guarded fixpoint logic, unary negation fixpoint logic, and guarded negation fixpoint logic. We consider semantic characterizations of definability, as…
Dynamic logic is a powerful framework for reasoning about imperative programs. An extension with a concurrent operator [18] was introduced to formalise programs running in parallel. In other direction, other authors proposed a systematic…
We investigate the notion of independence, which is at the basis of many, seemingly unrelated, properties of logic like Rational Monotony in non-monotonic logics, and interpolation theorems.
Neutrices are additive subgroups of a nonstandard model of the real numbers. An external number is the algebraic sum of a nonstandard real number and a neutrix. Due to the stability by some shifts, external numbers may be seen as…
We study extensions of standard description logics to the framework of polyadic modal logic. We promote a natural approach to such logics via general relation algebras that can be used to define operations on relations of all arities. As a…
Given some non-Archimedean field $\mathbb{K}$ and some $\mathbb{K}$-linear space $X$, the usual way to define a norm over $X$ involves the {\em ultrametric inequality} $\|x+y\|\leq\max\{\|x\|,\|y\|\}$. In this note we will try to analyse…
An important characteristic of many logics for Artificial Intelligence is their nonmonotonicity. This means that adding a formula to the premises can invalidate some of the consequences. There may, however, exist formulae that can always be…